https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Anna+P.Lexical Resource Semantics - User contributions [en]2026-05-02T23:56:04ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2111NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T11:14:44Z<p>Anna P.: /* Dialogue by User:Anna P. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br><br />
'''Entailment:'''<br><br />
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br><br />
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time.<br><br />
Type of presupposition: factive.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br><br />
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2110NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T11:12:48Z<p>Anna P.: /* Dialogue by User:Anna P. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br><br />
'''Entailment:'''<br><br />
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br><br />
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. <br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br><br />
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2109NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T11:11:06Z<p>Anna P.: /* Dialogue by User:Anna P. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ===<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br><br />
'''Entailment:'''<br><br />
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br><br />
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. <br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br><br />
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2108NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T11:03:35Z<p>Anna P.: /* Dialogue by User:Anna P. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ===<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br><br />
'''Entailment:'''<br><br />
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br><br />
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. <br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br><br />
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' sarcasm<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2107NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T11:02:27Z<p>Anna P.: /* Dialogue by User:Anna P. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ===<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br><br />
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br><br />
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. <br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br><br />
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' sarcasm<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-InferencePage&diff=2106NMTS-InferencePage2012-12-02T10:43:05Z<p>Anna P.: /* Add your dialogues here */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Homework of November 27 =<br />
<br />
== Task ==<br />
<br />
Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:<br />
# one entailment<br />
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)<br />
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)<br />
<br />
== Dialogues ==<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===<br />
<br />
The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f.<br><br />
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)<br />
<br />
# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a <br><br />
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr<br><br />
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I<br><br />
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami-<br><br />
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing<br> <br />
# off, instanter!´<br />
#<br />
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news<br><br />
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of<br><br />
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence<br><br />
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef<br><br />
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed<br><br />
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''.<br><br />
Type of presuppostion: factive<br><br />
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...'').<br><br />
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class.<br><br />
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''<br />
<br><br />
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature.<br><br />
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.<br />
<br />
=== Add your dialogues here ===<br />
<br />
=== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ===<br />
<br />
Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". <br><br />
<br />
#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!<br />
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!<br />
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.<br />
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.<br />
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life. <br />
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.<br />
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent. <br />
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years <br />
#suddenly she is not decent. <br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!<br />
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?<br />
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock, <br />
#It’s hilarious. <br />
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.<br />
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!<br />
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)<br />
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!<br />
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!<br />
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!<br />
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at<br />
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? <br/><br />
2. Most of our friends were there." <br/><br />
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... <br/><br />
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." <br/><br />
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." <br/><br />
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." <br/><br />
<br/><br />
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there.<br/><br />
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. <br/><br />
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party.<br/><br />
<br/><br />
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. <br/><br />
<br/><br />
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==<br />
<br />
# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. <br><br />
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." <br><br />
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" <br><br />
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. <br><br />
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
<br />
Line 1: <br><br />
Lisa is talking. <br> Verena is talking.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
<br />
Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.<br />
<br />
Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Implicature:'''<br />
<br />
Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.<br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. <br/><br />
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? <br/><br />
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
Line 1:<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.<br />
<br />
Line 2:<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.<br />
<br />
Line 3:<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain. <br />
<br />
== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==<br />
<br />
1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” <br/><br />
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” <br/><br />
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Entailment:'''<br />
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.<br />
<br />
'''Presupposition:'''<br />
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.<br />
<br />
'''Implicature'''<br />
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<hr /><br />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]]<br><br />
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1823NMTS-Group42012-11-01T18:51:36Z<p>Anna P.: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= '''Wikipage of Group 4''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Overview''' ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* [[User:Elena|Elena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
An implicature is anything that is inferred from an utterance but that is not a condition for the truth of the utterance.<br />
There are different types of implicatures. Below you find a brief overview:<br />
<br />
Potential implicature.<br />
A potential implicature is an implicature that would arise from any of the components of a given utterance if that component were uttered in some linguistic or extralinguistic context.<br />
<br />
Actual implicature. <br />
An actual implicature is any potential implicature that is not canceled by its context.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== '''References and Links''' ===<br />
<br />
==== References ====<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker (2006): Introduction to English Linguistics (2nd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag.<br />
*Grice, Paul (1975): Logic and conversation. In P. Cole and J. Morgan (eds): Syntax and Semantics 3, 41-58. New York: Academic Press.<br />
*Levinson, Stephen C (1983): Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<br />
*Yule, George (1996): Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br />
<br />
==== Links ====<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --><br />
<br />
* [http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/implicature?q=implicature| Definition of implicature from the Oxford English Dictionary]<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/implicature/| Definition and detailed explanation from the Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy]<br />
* [http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/semantics.htm#6| Definition from Universal Teacher]<br />
<br />
= '''Our e-learning objects''' =<br />
<br />
== Our wiki pages ==<br />
<!-- List all the wiki pages that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
=== in the [[Basic Glossary]]: ===<br />
* [[Glossary:Connotation| connotation]]<br />
* [[Glossary:extension| extension]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Idiom| idiom]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Implicature| implicature]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Meronymy| meronymy]]<br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<!-- List all the podcasts that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<!-- List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard. --><br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
File:StephanieC.jpg|Stephanie C<br />
File:Eule mit Tusche.jpg|Owl Illustration<br />
</gallery></div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=1282User:Anna P.2012-10-26T08:15:38Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** implicatures<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de English Linguistics Blog]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1281NMTS-Group42012-10-26T08:11:49Z<p>Anna P.: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Wikipage of Group 4 =<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* Elena<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --><br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wiki pages ==<br />
<!-- List all the wiki pages that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
* in the Glossary:<br />
** [[Glossary:Meronymy| meronymy]]<br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<!-- List all the podcasts that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<!-- List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard. --><br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<!-- Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:<br />
<nowiki><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery></nowiki><br />
--><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<!-- Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.--><br />
<br />
* Exercise on types of implicatures.</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1280NMTS-Group42012-10-26T08:10:17Z<p>Anna P.: /* Members */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Wikipage of Group 4 =<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* Elena<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --><br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wiki pages ==<br />
<!-- List all the wiki pages that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
* in the Glossary:<br />
** [[Glossary:Meronymy| meronymy]]<br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<!-- List all the podcasts that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<!-- List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard. --><br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<!-- Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:<br />
<nowiki><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery></nowiki><br />
--><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<!-- Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.--><br />
<br />
* Exercise on types of implicatures.</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1279NMTS-Group42012-10-26T08:09:54Z<p>Anna P.: /* Our wiki pages */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Wikipage of Group 4 =<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
List the members of your group here<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* Elena<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --><br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wiki pages ==<br />
<!-- List all the wiki pages that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
* in the Glossary:<br />
** [[Glossary:Meronymy| meronymy]]<br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<!-- List all the podcasts that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<!-- List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard. --><br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<!-- Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:<br />
<nowiki><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery></nowiki><br />
--><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<!-- Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.--><br />
<br />
* Exercise on types of implicatures.</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1278NMTS-Group42012-10-26T08:08:29Z<p>Anna P.: /* Wikipage of Group 4 */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Wikipage of Group 4 =<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
List the members of your group here<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* Elena<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --><br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wiki pages ==<br />
<!-- List all the wiki pages that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
* in the Glossary:<br />
** [[Glossary:Meronymy]]: the entry for ''meronymy''<br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<!-- List all the podcasts that were created by your group. --><br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<!-- List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard. --><br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<!-- Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:<br />
<nowiki><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery></nowiki><br />
--><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Frankfurt.jpg|Beautiful Frankfurt<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<!-- Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.--><br />
<br />
* Exercise on types of implicatures.</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group4&diff=1277NMTS-Group42012-10-26T08:04:39Z<p>Anna P.: Created page with "= Wikipage of Group 4 = == Overview == === Members === List the members of your group here * Stephanie C. * Stephanie R. * [[User:Jennife..."</p>
<hr />
<div>= Wikipage of Group 4 =<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
List the members of your group here<br />
* [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]]<br />
* [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]]<br />
* [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]]<br />
* [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]]<br />
* Elena<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
<!-- Give a short description of your topic--><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
<!-- Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic --><br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<!-- Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic. --></div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1168Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:39:56Z<p>Anna P.: /* Meronymy */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
/məˈrɒnəmi/<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]<br />
* [http://oxforddictionaries.com| Free Oxford Dictionary] includes phonetic transcription of words<br />
<br />
== Literature ==<br />
<br />
Bieswanger, Becker (2008). ''Introduction to English Linguistics''. Tübingen: A.Francke.</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1167Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:37:26Z<p>Anna P.: /* Meronymy */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
/məˈrɒnəmi/<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]<br />
* [http://oxforddictionaries.com| Free Oxford Dictionary] includes phonetic transcription of words</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1165Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:35:34Z<p>Anna P.: /* References and links */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
/məˈrɒnəmi/<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]<br />
* [http://oxforddictionaries.com| Free Oxford Dictionary] includes phonetic transcription of words</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1164Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:35:10Z<p>Anna P.: /* References and links */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
/məˈrɒnəmi/<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]<br />
* [http://oxforddictionaries.com | Free Oxford Dictionary] includes phonetic tramscription of words</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1163Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:33:43Z<p>Anna P.: /* Meronymy */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
/məˈrɒnəmi/<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1162Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:30:57Z<p>Anna P.: /* Definition */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1161Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:30:33Z<p>Anna P.: /* References and links */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm| online grammar]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1160Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:29:48Z<p>Anna P.: /* References and links */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/Meronym-term.htm|online grammar]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1159Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:27:16Z<p>Anna P.: /* Definition */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are parts of a bike. Thus, one can call a pit a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1158Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:26:25Z<p>Anna P.: /* Definition */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are part of a bike. Thus, one can can that a pit is a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1157Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:26:12Z<p>Anna P.: /* Definition */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
<br />
''A pit is a part of a cherry just like wheels and saddle are part of a bike. Thus, one can can that a pit is a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).''<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1156Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:25:30Z<p>Anna P.: /* Synonym */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Meronymy =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
A pit is a part of a cherry just as just like wheels and saddle are part of a bike. Thus, one can can that a pit is a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Meronymy&diff=1155Glossary:Meronymy2012-10-24T20:25:16Z<p>Anna P.: Created page with "= Synonym = == Definition == Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects. ''Comment:'' A pit is a part of a cherry just..."</p>
<hr />
<div>= Synonym =<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Meronymy : Meronymy explains a part-whole relation. It refers to terms for parts of real objects.<br />
<br />
''Comment:''<br />
A pit is a part of a cherry just as just like wheels and saddle are part of a bike. Thus, one can can that a pit is a meronymy to a cherry as well as wheels and a saddle are meronyms to a bike. Do not mix up with hyponym and hyperonym which also refer to a hierarchical relationship of vocabularies (e.g. vegetables-potato).<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''pit - cherry''<br /><br />
''wheels, saddle - bike''<br /><br />
''finger - hand''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|hyponym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyperonym|hyperonym]]<br />
Back to the [[Basic_Glossary|glossary]].<br />
<br />
== References and links ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=1135User:Anna P.2012-10-24T09:07:16Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** implicatures<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de English Linguistics Blog]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=1134User:Anna P.2012-10-24T09:05:23Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de English Linguistics Blog]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=1133User:Anna P.2012-10-24T09:04:44Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=907User:Anna P.2012-10-23T12:42:29Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=906User:Anna P.2012-10-23T12:42:07Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [[http://Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=903User:Anna P.2012-10-23T12:41:37Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]<br />
* [http://Glossary:meronymy|meronymy]]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=File:Frankfurt.jpg&diff=899File:Frankfurt.jpg2012-10-23T12:39:44Z<p>Anna P.: /* Licensing */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark<br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|Anna<br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|Frankfurt.jpg<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Basic_Glossary&diff=897Basic Glossary2012-10-23T12:38:12Z<p>Anna P.: /* M */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the meeting of [[NMTS_Meeting_2|October 23, 2012]])<br />
<br />
= Glossary of Basic Semantic Terms =<br />
<br />
== A ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']] ([[User:KimA]])<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonym''']] ([[User:Leo]])<br />
<br />
== B ==<br />
<br />
== C ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']] ([[User:Katarzyna]])<br />
<br />
== D ==<br />
<br />
== E ==<br />
<br />
== F ==<br />
<br />
== G ==<br />
<br />
== H ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']] ([[User:Anna]])<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']] ([[User:Lisa]])<br />
<br />
== I ==<br />
<br />
== J ==<br />
<br />
== K ==<br />
<br />
== L ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity|'''lexical ambiguity''']] ([[User:KimA]])<br />
<br />
== M ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']] ([[User:Anna P.]])<br />
<br />
== N ==<br />
<br />
== O ==<br />
<br />
== P ==<br />
<br />
= Quantifiers =<br />
<br />
Pronunciation<br />
<br />
== Definition ==<br />
<br />
Quantifiers refer to quantity<br />
''Comment:''<br />
...<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
''more than half''<br /><br />
''a third''<br />
<br />
== Related terms ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonym]]<br />
* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|paraphrase]]<br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
== R ==<br />
<br />
== S ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Synonym|'''quantifiers''']] ([[User:BorisL]])<br />
<br />
<br />
== T ==<br />
<br />
== U ==<br />
<br />
== V ==<br />
<br />
== W ==<br />
<br />
== X ==<br />
<br />
== Y ==<br />
<br />
== Z ==</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=634User:Anna P.2012-10-20T09:02:49Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=633User:Anna P.2012-10-20T09:01:30Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
<br />
E-Mail: [mailto:s1017956@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Anna P. ] <br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=632User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:06:40Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Student of Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=631User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:06:02Z<p>Anna P.: /* e-mail: anna.pavlov@stud.uni-frankfurt.de */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=630User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:05:49Z<p>Anna P.: /* Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
=e-mail: anna.pavlov@stud.uni-frankfurt.de=<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=629User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:05:42Z<p>Anna P.: /* University: Goethe University, Frankfurt */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
=Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages=<br />
=e-mail: anna.pavlov@stud.uni-frankfurt.de=<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=628User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:05:08Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
=University: Goethe University, Frankfurt=<br />
=Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages=<br />
=e-mail: anna.pavlov@stud.uni-frankfurt.de=<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=627User:Anna P.2012-10-20T08:04:31Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
University: Goethe University, Frankfurt<br />
Degree: British Studies and Romance Languages<br />
e-mail: anna.pavlov@stud.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=626User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:58:36Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Anna studies at Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
* [http://www.pons.de Best online dictionary ever]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=625User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:57:16Z<p>Anna P.: /* Licensing */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Anna studies at Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=File:Frankfurt.jpg&diff=624File:Frankfurt.jpg2012-10-20T07:56:54Z<p>Anna P.: /* Licensing */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|<Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark><br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|<Anna><br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|<Frankfurt.jpg><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=623User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:55:31Z<p>Anna P.: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
Anna studies at Goethe University, Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
* [http://www.amazon.de Online bookshop]<br />
<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|<Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark><br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|<Anna><br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|<Frankfurt.jpg><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=File:Frankfurt.jpg&diff=622File:Frankfurt.jpg2012-10-20T07:48:30Z<p>Anna P.: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=621User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:48:06Z<p>Anna P.: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == <br />
<br />
[[File:Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|right|alt|Frankfurt am Main]]<br />
<br />
''Anna'' lives and studies in Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
Classes:<br />
# Intro Linguistics<br />
# Intro Phonetics & Phonology<br />
# e-LRS<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.english-linguistics.de<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|<Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark><br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|<Anna><br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|<Frankfurt.jpg><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=620User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:46:39Z<p>Anna P.: /* Personal information */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information == [[File:Frankfurt.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
''Anna'' lives and studies in Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
Classes:<br />
# Intro Linguistics<br />
# Intro Phonetics & Phonology<br />
# e-LRS<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.english-linguistics.de<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|<Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark><br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|<Anna><br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|<Frankfurt.jpg><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=User:Anna_P.&diff=619User:Anna P.2012-10-20T07:46:01Z<p>Anna P.: /* Interesting links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Personal information ==<br />
<br />
''Anna'' lives and studies in Frankfurt.<br />
<br />
Interests:<br />
* semantics, especially lexical semantics<br />
** ambiguity<br />
** semantic relation among words<br />
** word meaning<br />
* literature<br />
* sports<br />
<br />
Classes:<br />
# Intro Linguistics<br />
# Intro Phonetics & Phonology<br />
# e-LRS<br />
<br />
== Interesting links ==<br />
<br />
* http://www.english-linguistics.de<br />
* [http://www.english-linguistics.de Blog in linguistics]<br />
<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|- <br />
|Description: <br />
|<Frankfurt am Main, Niddapark><br />
|-<br />
|Author: <br />
|<Anna><br />
|-<br />
|Source: <br />
|<Frankfurt.jpg><br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Anna P.