Lexical Resource Semantics - User contributions [en]

NMTS Meeting 10

2012-12-17T17:12:14Z

Hilâl: /* Podcasts of the groups */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

=Creating Podcasts 2=

This meeting will be directed by [http://www.relpaed.uni-frankfurt.de/team/bohrer/index.html Dr. Clemens Bohrer], Akademie für Bildungsforschung und Lehrerbildung, Frankfurt a.M.

== Preparation ==

* Upload your first trial podcast into the OLAT folder "Podcasts" no later than 10am on December 17.

== Podcasts of the groups ==

=== Group 0 ===

We have uploaded a podcast from 2008 which illustrates the various steps in a syntactic analysis.

<mediaplayer>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDbaCAVgHUI</mediaplayer>

=== Group 3 ===

A podcast about presuppositions

<mediaplayer>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb8c7pEEEYg</mediaplayer>

=== Group 8 ===

Podcast about sorts

<mediaplayer>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EK6tqXdmFwk&feature=youtu.be</mediaplayer>

== Homework for January 11 ==

<hr />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]].

NMTS Meeting 2

2012-12-16T14:33:50Z

Hilâl: /* Groups */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]])

= Working with MediaWiki and Semantics =

== Working with MediaWiki ==

Selected comments on example user pages:
* internal links
* licensing information on the picture site

List of [[UserPageComments|individual comments]].

== Little Glossary of Semantic Terminology ==

We create a little [[Basic Glossary|glossary of basic terms]] in semantics

== Semantics ==

your topics:
* ambiguity
* semantic relations between words and sentences
* connotation, denotation
* predicate logic
** logical connectives
** variables
** quantifiers
* English syntax

== Groups ==

* Group 0: [[NMTS-Group0|wikipage of Group 0]]
** Members: [[User:Manfred|Manfred Sailer]], [[User:Suzanne|Suzanne]], [[User:Sabrina|Sabrina]], [[User:Eleris|Eleris]]
** Topic: Example material
* Group 1: [[NMTS-Group1|wikipage of Group 1]]
** Members: [[User:Nicki|Nicki]], [[User:Leo|Leo]], [[User:Lorena|Lorena]], [[User:Anna_Böcher|Anna Böcher]], [[User:Marc_M|Marc M]]
** Topic: Ambiguity
* Group 2: [[NMTS-Group2|wikipage of Group 2]]
** Members: [[User:Anna|Anna]], [[User:Katarzyna|Katarzyna]], [[User:VerenaS| Verena]], [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]], [[User:Marlene| Marlene]]
** Topic: Basic semantic relations
* Group 3: [[NMTS-Group3|wikipage of Group 3]]
** Members: [[User:Katharina_D|Katharina]], [[User:Caterina|Caterina]], [[User:DaniKe|Daniela]]
** Topic: Presupposition
* Group 4: [[NMTS-Group4|wikipage of Group 4]]
** Members: [[User:Slc| Stephanie C.]], [[User:Stephie R.| Stephanie R.]], [[User:Jennifer Borchert| Jenny]], [[User:Anna P.| Anna P.]], [[User:Elena|Elena]]
** Topic: Implicature
* Group 5: [[NMTS-Group5|wikipage of Group 5]]
** Members: [[User:AnKa| AnKa]], [[User:Katharina| Katharina]], [[User:KimA |KimA]], [[User:Lara| Lara]], [[User:Dennis1980| Dennis1980]], [[User:Bianca| Bianca]]
** Topic: Quantifiers

* Group 7: [[NMTS-Group7|wikipage of Group 7]]
** Members:
** Topic: An HPSG fragment
* Group 8: [[NMTS-Group8|wikipage of Group 8]]
** Members: [[User:IngoM| IngoM]], [[User:BorisL| BorisL]], [[User:FlorianB| FlorianB]], [[User:Moonhwa9113| Moonhwa9113]], [[User:Hilâl| Hilâl]]
** Topic: Sorts and types
* Group 9: [[NMTS-Group9|wikipage of Group 9]]
** Members: [[User:Lisa|Lisa]], [[User:Marthe| Marthe]], [[User:Elisabeth.krall| Elisabeth]], [[User:helena| Helena]], [[User:IsaB|Isabelle]]
** Topic: Predicate logic - connectives

= For the next meeting =

== Revision ==

Correct/complete your user page and the page of your picture if necessary

== Glossary ==

Add a term to our glossary and create the corresponding entry.
* Name of your page: if you work on synonymy, then your page should be called Glossary:Synonym
* IPA symbols can be gained from: http://westonruter.github.com/ipa-chart/keyboard/ (thanks to [[User:Leo|Leo]] for the link!)

== Group ==

* Form a group of at most 5 people.
* Make sure you can exchange information within the group (exchange e-mail, ...)
* Decide on the topic for your group.
* Create the wikipage for your group. Your page should follow the pattern used by [[NMTS-Group0| Group 0]].
* Include at least three references that may help you work on your topic.

== Prepare a short presentation ==

Each group will give a 3 minute presentation on their topic:
# What is your group working on?
# Give one clear example.
# What is particularly difficult?

NMTS-InferencePage

2012-12-03T20:10:32Z

Hilâl: /* Dialogues */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Homework of November 27 =

== Task ==

Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:
# one entailment
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)

= Dialogues =

== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ==

The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f. 
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)

# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a 
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr 
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I 
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami- 
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing 
# off, instanter!´
#
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news 
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of 
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence 
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef 
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed 
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.

'''Entailment:'''
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''

'''Presupposition:'''
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''. 
Type of presuppostion: factive 
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...''). 
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class. 
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.

'''Implicature:'''
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''
 
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature. 
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.

'''Add your dialogue below'''

== Dialogue by [[User:Nicki]]==

#A1: I dreamed I had won a million dollars.
#B1: That’s a pitty. My neighbor actually won 5000 dollars last week in the lottery.
#A1: Really that’s amazing. By the way, is the apartment next to you still for sale?
#B1: The owner just removed the ‘for-sale’-sign yesterday.

'''Entailment:'''

Line 2: 
Entailment: B1 has a neighbor.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 1: 
Non-factive presuppostion: A1 did not win a million dollars.

'''Impliciture:'''

Line 4: 
Conversational impliciture: There is no “for sale” sign anymore, so the apartment is sold.

== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==

Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". 

#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life.
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent.
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years
#suddenly she is not decent.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock,
#It’s hilarious.
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!
 
'''Entailment:''' 
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.

'''Presupposition:''' 
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. 
Type of presupposition: factive.

'''Implicature:''' 
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==

1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? 
2. Most of our friends were there." 
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... 
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." 
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." 
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." 
 
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. 
 
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there. 
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. 
 
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. 
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party. 
 
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. 
 
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==

# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. 
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." 
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" 
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. 
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"

'''Entailment:'''

Line 1: 
Lisa is talking. Verena is talking.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.

Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.

'''Implicature:'''

Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.

== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==

1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. 
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? 
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. 

Line 1:
'''Entailment:'''
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.

Line 2:
'''Presupposition:'''
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.

Line 3:
'''Implicature'''
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain.

== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==

1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” 
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” 
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” 

'''Entailment:'''
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.

'''Presupposition:'''
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.

'''Implicature'''
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her.

== Dialogue by [[User:Elisabeth.krall]] ==

1. Tom: How did you like the concert?

2. Tim: I don’t know. I was not really getting into the flow of those reggae beats.

3. Tom: Oh, I can see your point. But still I do not regret having bought those over-priced tickets.

4. Tim: Yeah, me neither. The tonality was neither in the Aeolian mode nor in Ionic as I expected it to be for I play reggae myself and the guitar chords would have sounded a lot better openly than in power chords and the bass guitar always emphasized the forth and the seventh instead of the third and the quint, though.

5. Tom: Ohhh… yes, if you say so.

'''Factive Presupposition:''' “I do not regret having bought those over – priced tickets” (3); the sentence presupposes that Tom bought over-priced tickets.

'''Entailment:''' “I was not really getting into the flow of those reggae beats” (2); the remark entails that Tom was not able to fully feel the rhythm and the atmosphere of the reggae music played at the concert; therefore, he was not able to “identify” with the music

'''Implicature''': remark 4; Tom violates the Maxim of Manner; he is not brief and does not avoid unnecessary prolixity

== Dialogue by [[User:Anna]] ==

1. ''Mary and Peter are eating breakfast and talking.'' 
2. '''Peter:''' Did you go to an interview yesterday? 
3. '''Mary:''' The timing belt broke. 
4. I did not manage to go there. 
5. '''Peter:''' oh..., Can you pass the salt? 

'''Entailment: (1)''' Both Mary and Peter are eating breakfast. 

'''Presupposition: (3)''' ''Structural presupposition:'' The timing belt broke- Mary did not go to an interview. 
'''(4)''' ''Lexical presupposition:'' She didn’t manage to go there- She was not there.

'''Implicature: (5)''' ''Conversational implicature:'' Peter wants Mary to pass him salt.

== Dialogue by [[User: Anna Böcher]] ==
The following dialogue is an excerpt taken from „Pygmalion“ by Bernard Shaw.
Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering are discussing how to treat the flower girl Eliza, who should be taught in proper English by Higgins. 

1 '''PICKERING:''' Doesn't it occur to you, Higgins, that the girl has some feelings? 
2 '''HIGGINS:''' Oh no, I don't think so. Not any feelings that we need bother about. 
3 Have you, Eliza? 
4 '''ELIZA:''' I got my feelings same as anyone else. 
5 '''HIGGINS:''' You see the difficulty? 
6 '''PICKERING:''' Eh? What difficulty? 
7 '''HIGGINS:''' To get her talk grammar. The mere pronunciation is easy enough. 
8 '''ELIZA:''' I don't want to talk grammar. I want to talk like a lady in a flower-shop. 

'''Entailment:''' The second sentence in line 8 entails that she doesn't talk like a lady in a flower-shop yet. 
'''Presupposition:''' Eliza's statement in line 4 is a ''factive presupposition'', as it presupposes that anyone else has feelings. 
'''Implicature:''' The question about Eliza's feelings in line 1 is a ''scalar implicature''. Pickering asks whether Higgins thinks that Eliza has some feelings, which implicates that she has feelings but not many. 

== Dialogue by [[User:Leo]] ==

Two really old people, they might be your own grandparents, maybe just a couple years older, talk to each other. The husbands name is Kurt. Liselotte is his wife.

K: Have you seen Gretel in the last couple of days? You haven‘t been out much. Getting too old, eh? 
L: She‘s in hospital. Have you forgotten again? She broke her leg. Do you ever listen to me? 
K: I listen to you almost all the time. The pain in your back, your friends, your grandchildren, your cooking shows. And who listens to me? 

'''Entailment:''' “Have you seen Gretel in the last couple of days?“ entails that someone called Gretel exists and both Kurt and Liselotte know her.

'''Presupposition:''' “Have you forgotten again?“ presupposes that the couple has talked about Gretel‘s stay in hospital more than once before and Kurt has at least once forgotten about it. This is a lexical presupposition.

'''Implicature:''' “I listen to you almost all the time“ implicates that Kurt does not listen to Liselotte every time she says something. This is a scalar implicature. Here, the maxim of quality seems to be slightly violated because he most likely listens even less than stated.

== Dialogue by [[User:IngoM]]==

A: The president was assassinated! (entailment: The president is dead.)

B: Oh, no! Now he can no longer rule our country! (presupposition: He once ruled the country.)

A: I will miss him. He always seemed overworked but happy. (Conventional implicature: This sentence implies being overworked and happiness are not compatible but in spite of this the president was still happy. The conventional interpretation of the word "but" will always create the implicature of a sense of contrast.

== Dialogue by [[User:Marc M]]==

1 '''Queen E II and Prince P sit in front of the TV enjoying a glass of wine'''

2 ''Weatherman'': „It's the 4th August 2012 and the outlook is splendid. Light summer rain and 12 degrees Celsius. A perfect English summer day … ”

3 ''Queen E II'': I dreamed my mother were still alive last night. If she hadn't drunk that much gin, she could still be here...

4 ''Prince P'': Well my dear, when was your mother born?

5 ''Queen E II'': On this very same day in 1900 as you very well know. I regret not having stopped her drinking.

6 ''Prince P'': There you are – She would have been 112 years old by now.

7 ''Queen E II'': Still – she might have been with us a little longer.

8 ''Prince P:'' Anyway darling, talking about age: let's enjoy this vintage. It's matured to perfection and I guess a glass of it won't hurt us.

'''entailment''' 
Line 1: Queen E II and Prince P own some wine and at least one glass. (Probably much more than that ;-) )

'''Presupposition''' 
Line 3: Non-factive presupposition: "I dreamed my mother were still alive last night" (>> Her mother is not with them)

Line 3: Counterfactual presupposition: "If she hadn't drunk that much gin" (>> She has drunk that much gin)

'''implicature''' 
Line 8: Hedge: "I guess a glass of it won't hurt us" (note regarding the accuracy/quality of the statement)

== Dialogue by [[User:Slc]] ==

The following pages are taken from American Born Chinese by Gene Luen Yang, pp.38-9 

#Wei-Chen: ...EH...WE- B- BE FRIEND?
#Yin: I HAVE ENOUGH FRIENDS
#Wei-Chen: ...SORRY? REPEAT, PLEASE?
#Yin: '''I HAVE ENOUGH FRIENDS'''
#Wei-Chen: ...EH...WHO?
#Yin: THEM.
#Wei-Chen: OH.
#Wei-Chen: *SIGH*
#Yin: <WHAT IS THAT?>
#Wei-Chen: <A TOY ROBOT.>
#Wei-Chen: <HE CAN CHANGE INTO A ROBOT MONKEY>
#Wei-Chen: <MY FATHER GAVE IT TO ME JUST BEFORE I LEFT. AS A GOOD-BYE PRESENT.>*

&lowast; Pointed brackets are used to signal that the dialogue is in another language.

'''Entailment:'''

Line 12 has a number of background entailments. Including:

12
a. Wei-Chen has a Father
b. Wei-Chen was given something

'''Presupposition:'''

In line 12, there is a structural presupposition: "MY FATHER GAVE IT TO ME JUST BEFORE I LEFT". This presupposes that he left somewhere.

'''Implicature:'''

The implicature in lines 2 & 4 "I HAVE ENOUGH FRIENDS" is a generalized conversational implicature. The implicature is that Yin has enough friends and does not need any more i.e. he does not want to be friends with Wei-Chen.

== Dialogue by [[User:VerenaS]]==

Sylvia: Where has Steven moved? (''entailment'': A person called Steven exists and is known to both, Simon and Sylvia)
 Simon: Somewehere near Moscow. (''implicature'': Simon does not know the exact town Steven has moved to)
 Sylvia: Oh, I can't forget our nights in Transilvania. (''factive presupposition'': there '''were''' nights together with Simon in Transilvania)

== Dialogue by [[User:Hilâl]]==

Carry: My brother Jake cannot go to Brazil. (''entailment'': Carry has a brother whose name is Jake.)
 Sarah: Why can't he go there?
 Carry: He didn't pass the exam. (''presupposition'': Jake had to take an exam in order to go to Brazil.)
 Sarah: Is he now going to do the course again? (''implicature'': Jake still has the opportunity to get to Brazil if he does the course again)

<hr />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]] 
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]

NMTS-Group8

2012-11-15T09:28:37Z

Hilâl: /* Our pictures */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 8 =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===

* [[User:IngoM| Ingo Müller]]
* [[User:Moonhwa9113| Moonhwa Lindemann ]]
* [[User:BorisL| Boris Lehn]]
* [[User:FlorianB| Florian Bast ]]
* [[User:Hilâl| Hilâl Ünal]]

=== Short description of the topic ===

In semantics, there are different sorts of entities. You distinguish between entities which represent a single person or object and entities that represent a group of persons/objects. Additionally, you differentiate between concrete and abstract entities. A concrete entity refers to a specific object, e.g. a particular being (which usually has a name); on the other hand, an abstract entity refers to a non-specific object.

'''Example:'''

The sentence ''The dodo is extinct'' refers to the entire species (of the dodo) and "the dodo" is therefore an abstract entity, i.e. a ''kind''. 
On the contrary, the sentence ''My dodo is extinct (or rather, dead)'', obviously neglecting the fact that dodos in general do not exist anymore, refers to a specific dodo, which thus is a concrete entity, i.e. an ''object''.

The same goes for events. An event can be either concrete or abstract.

== References and links ==

=== References ===
[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/projects/noun-phrase/report.htm The English Noun Phrase: an empirical study] 
[http://stp.ling.uu.se/~matsd/uv/uv05/ads1/ho2.pdf UPPSALA UNIVERSITET - Algoritmer för datorlingvistisk semantik I] 
[http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/~zhaohui/LACL11.pdf Zhaohui Luo - Word Meanings in Type-Theoretical Semantics]

=== Links ===

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==


* in the Glossary:
** [[Glossary:Heteronym]]: the entry for ''Heteronymy''
** [[Glossary:Homonym]]: the entry for ''Homonymy''
** [[Glossary:Sorts/Types]]: the entry for ''Sorts/Types''

== Our podcasts ==


== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Bild0705.jpg|IngoM
File:Boris_Profilbild.jpg|BorisL
File:Portrait fb.jpg|FlorianB
File:Kayseri.jpg|Hilâl
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

NMTS-Group8

2012-11-15T09:27:50Z

Hilâl: /* Members */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 8 =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===

* [[User:IngoM| Ingo Müller]]
* [[User:Moonhwa9113| Moonhwa Lindemann ]]
* [[User:BorisL| Boris Lehn]]
* [[User:FlorianB| Florian Bast ]]
* [[User:Hilâl| Hilâl Ünal]]

=== Short description of the topic ===

In semantics, there are different sorts of entities. You distinguish between entities which represent a single person or object and entities that represent a group of persons/objects. Additionally, you differentiate between concrete and abstract entities. A concrete entity refers to a specific object, e.g. a particular being (which usually has a name); on the other hand, an abstract entity refers to a non-specific object.

'''Example:'''

The sentence ''The dodo is extinct'' refers to the entire species (of the dodo) and "the dodo" is therefore an abstract entity, i.e. a ''kind''. 
On the contrary, the sentence ''My dodo is extinct (or rather, dead)'', obviously neglecting the fact that dodos in general do not exist anymore, refers to a specific dodo, which thus is a concrete entity, i.e. an ''object''.

The same goes for events. An event can be either concrete or abstract.

== References and links ==

=== References ===
[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/projects/noun-phrase/report.htm The English Noun Phrase: an empirical study] 
[http://stp.ling.uu.se/~matsd/uv/uv05/ads1/ho2.pdf UPPSALA UNIVERSITET - Algoritmer för datorlingvistisk semantik I] 
[http://www.cs.rhul.ac.uk/~zhaohui/LACL11.pdf Zhaohui Luo - Word Meanings in Type-Theoretical Semantics]

=== Links ===

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==


* in the Glossary:
** [[Glossary:Heteronym]]: the entry for ''Heteronymy''
** [[Glossary:Homonym]]: the entry for ''Homonymy''
** [[Glossary:Sorts/Types]]: the entry for ''Sorts/Types''

== Our podcasts ==


== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Bild0705.jpg|IngoM
File:Boris_Profilbild.jpg|BorisL
File:Portrait fb.jpg|FlorianB
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

User:Hilâl

2012-11-15T09:25:41Z

Hilâl: /* Personal Information */

== Personal Information ==

[[File:Kayseri.jpg|300px|thumb|Kayseri]]

L3 History and English studies
at Goethe University in Frankfurt

== Interests ==

* Doing a lot of voluntary work for children and intercultural dialogue
* Didactics in English studies as well as in History studies
* in Linguistics: all types of ambiguity
* Sports
* Art (art courses at Pangea-Bildungszentrum in Bockenheim)
* Korean (I want to work as a "Teaching Assistant" in Korea)

== Interesting Links ==

* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group1| Ambiguity]
* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group8| Sorts&Types]
* [http://www.meinpangea.de/| Pangea Bildungszentren]
* [http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb09/ophil/Korea-Studien/index.html| Korean Studies]
* [http://www.fib-ev.com/web/index.html| Frauen in Bewegung e.V.]

File:Kayseri.jpg

2012-11-15T09:20:39Z

Hilâl:

== Licensing ==
{{PD-self}}

User:Hilâl

2012-11-15T08:59:37Z

Hilâl:

== Personal Information ==

L3 History and English studies
at Goethe University in Frankfurt

== Interests ==

* Doing a lot of voluntary work for children and intercultural dialogue
* Didactics in English studies as well as in History studies
* in Linguistics: all types of ambiguity
* Sports
* Art (art courses at Pangea-Bildungszentrum in Bockenheim)
* Korean (I want to work as a "Teaching Assistant" in Korea)

== Interesting Links ==

* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group1| Ambiguity]
* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group8| Sorts&Types]
* [http://www.meinpangea.de/| Pangea Bildungszentren]
* [http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb09/ophil/Korea-Studien/index.html| Korean Studies]
* [http://www.fib-ev.com/web/index.html| Frauen in Bewegung e.V.]

User:Hilâl

2012-11-15T08:58:56Z

Hilâl:

== Personal Information ==

L3 History and English studies
at Goethe University in Frankfurt

== Interests ==

* Doing a lot of voluntary work for children and intercultural dialogue
* Didactics in English studies as well as in History studies
* in Linguistics: all types of ambiguity
* sports
* art (art courses at Pangea-Bildungszentrum in Bockenheim)
* Korean (I want to work as a "Teaching Assistant" in Korea)

== Interesting Links ==

* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group1| Ambiguity]
* [http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group8| Sorts&Types]
* [http://www.meinpangea.de/| Pangea Bildungszentren]
* [http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb09/ophil/Korea-Studien/index.html| Korean Studies]
* [http://www.fib-ev.com/web/index.html| Frauen in Bewegung e.V.]