https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=LorenaLexical Resource Semantics - User contributions [en]2026-05-02T22:12:56ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.8https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3359NMTS-Group12013-02-14T16:56:56Z<p>Lorena: /* Comments by the NMTS team */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
* glossary entry for "scope ambiguity"<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Scope_Ambiguity|Scope Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
*[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2&diff=3358Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-22013-02-14T16:55:36Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct. <br/><br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity means that the ambiguity arises on the level of the lexeme (word).<br />
<br />
e.g.<br />
"I was right next to the '''bank''' when I fainted, otherwise I might not have survived."<br />
*The speaker might have fainted on the water next to the bank of a river, so he did not drown.<br />
*The speaker fainted next to a financial institute, so enough people were there who could help him.<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise II| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2&diff=3357Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-22013-02-14T16:54:27Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Very good, that is correct. <br/><br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity means that the ambiguity arises on the level of the lexeme (word).<br />
<br />
e.g.<br />
"I was right next to the '''bank''' when I fainted, otherwise I might not have survived."<br />
*The speaker might have fainted on the water next to the bank of a river, so he did not drown.<br />
*The speaker fainted next to a financial institute, so enough people were there who could help him.<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Let's try some other exercises!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3356NMTS-Group12013-02-14T16:53:24Z<p>Lorena: /* Our wikipages */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Scope_Ambiguity|Scope Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
*[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3355NMTS-Group12013-02-14T16:52:08Z<p>Lorena: /* Our wikipages */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Scope_Ambiguity|Scope Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2&diff=3354Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-22013-02-14T16:50:24Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, but your answer is not entirely correct.<br />
<br />
Polysemous means that a sound sequence has two or more different, but '''semantically related''' meanings. <br/><br />
<br />
e.g. <br/><br />
'''Man'''<br />
*A human being (vs. animal)<br />
*A male human being (vs. female)<br />
*An adult male human being (vs. boy)<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Polysemy&diff=3353Glossary:Polysemy2013-02-14T16:49:06Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Polysemy=<br />
<br />
/pəˈlɪsɨmi/ or /ˈpɒlɨsiːmi/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
You talk of a polysemous word when one lexeme has a lot of different but (historically) related meanings.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''land:'' 1. some area of ground; 2. arriving somewhere in a plane or boat (consult the entry for ''land'' in the OALD for more meanings!) <br/><br />
''power:'' 1. control; 2. ability to do sth.; 3. influence (see OALD)<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Homophony|Homophony]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Polysemy&diff=3352Glossary:Polysemy2013-02-14T16:38:27Z<p>Lorena: Created page with "{{MaterialUnderConstruction}} =Lexical Ambiguity= /ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/ ==Definition== Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. Th..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. This is likely to occur with polysemous and homophone words.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Homophony|Homophony]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3351Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:36:56Z<p>Lorena: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. This is likely to occur with polysemous and homophone words.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Homophony|Homophony]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3350Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:35:50Z<p>Lorena: /* Related terms */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. This is likely to occur with polysemous and homophone words.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Homophony|Homophony]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3349Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:33:42Z<p>Lorena: /* Definition */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. This is likely to occur with polysemous and homophone words.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3348Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:28:39Z<p>Lorena: /* Lexical Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ˈlek-si-kəl æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3347Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:27:20Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br />
<br />
/ æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br/><br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br/><br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity&diff=3346Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:26:57Z<p>Lorena: Created page with "{{MaterialUnderConstruction}} =Lexical Ambiguity=<br/> / æmbigjʊɘti/ ==Definition== Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings. ==Example..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=Lexical Ambiguity=<br/><br />
<br />
/ æmbigjʊɘti/<br />
<br />
==Definition==<br />
<br />
Lexical ambiguity arises if one word has two ore more different meanings.<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
''pupil'': 1. a student; 2. the centre of the eye<br />
''break'': 1. time to relax; 2. action of damaging something<br />
<br />
==Related terms==<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity]]'''<br />
*'''[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity]]'''<br />
<br />
==References==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1&diff=3345Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-12013-02-14T16:17:07Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct.<br />
<br />
A word with just one meaning is '''un'''ambiguous. <br/><br />
<br />
See also the glossary entry on [[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] for more information.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3344NMTS-Group12013-02-14T16:16:40Z<p>Lorena: /* Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Scope_Ambiguity|Scope Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1&diff=3343Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-12013-02-14T16:15:05Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct.<br />
<br />
A word with just one meaning is '''un'''ambiguous. <br/><br />
<br />
See also [[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] for more information.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1&diff=3342Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-12013-02-14T16:14:16Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct.<br />
<br />
A word with just one meaning is '''un'''ambiguous. <br/><br />
<br />
See also [[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity Ambiguity]] for more information.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1&diff=3341Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-12013-02-14T16:13:55Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct.<br />
<br />
A word with just one meaning is '''un'''ambiguous. <br/><br />
<br />
See also [[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity]] for more information.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3340NMTS-Group12013-02-14T16:12:09Z<p>Lorena: /* Short description of the topic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3339Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:11:26Z<p>Lorena: /* Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/><br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3338Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:11:13Z<p>Lorena: /* Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
='''Definition'''=<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/><br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3337Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:11:00Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Definition'''==<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/><br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3336Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:09:57Z<p>Lorena: /* Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/><br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3335Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:09:18Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/><br />
[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3334Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:06:35Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3333Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:05:17Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Ambiguity'''<br/>==<br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3332Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:04:57Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Ambiguity'''<br/><br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Definition'''<br/>==<br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3331Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:04:47Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Ambiguity'''<br/><br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3330Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T16:04:37Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Ambiguity<br/><br />
<br />
[æmbigjʊɘti]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Polysemy]]<br/><br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity]]<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3329Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T15:59:16Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Definition'''<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Examples'''<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
'''Related Terms'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Literature'''<br/><br />
<br />
'''Links'''<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3328Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T15:58:49Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Definition'''==<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Examples'''==<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Related Terms'''==<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Literature'''==<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Links'''==<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3327Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T15:58:20Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Definition'''==<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in a particular case.<br/><br />
<br />
=='''Examples'''==<br/><br />
*lexical ambiguity: Where´s the party?<br/><br />
*structural ambiguity: Anna saw the tourists with binoculars.<br/><br />
<br />
==Related Terms==<br/><br />
<br />
==Literature==<br/><br />
<br />
==Links==<br/></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3326Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T15:52:35Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Definition'''==<br/><br />
Ambiguous words and sentences have more than one meaning, i.e. they can be interpreted in more than one way. Ambiguities can arise on the level of lexemes, morphemes and syntax. However, usually one can infer from the context which meaning an ambiguous word has to have in this particular case.</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Ambiguity&diff=3325Glossary:Ambiguity2013-02-14T15:44:28Z<p>Lorena: Created page with "=='''Definition'''=="</p>
<hr />
<div>=='''Definition'''==</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Glossary:Homograph&diff=3324Glossary:Homograph2013-02-14T15:35:15Z<p>Lorena: /* Homograph */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''Homograph''' ==<br />
<br />
[ˈhɒməˌgrɑ:f]<br />
<br />
== '''Definition''' <br /> ==<br />
<br />
Homographs are words that are spelled in the same way, but have different meanings. They may also differ in pronunciation. <br /><br />
<br />
== '''Examples''' <br /> ==<br />
<br />
''wave'': 1. move the hand in greeting or 2. sea water coming to shore <br /><br />
''dove'': 1. bird or 2. past tense of the verb ''dive'' in AE<br />
<br />
== '''Related Terms''' <br /> ==<br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Heteronym]] <br /><br />
[[Glossary:Homonym]] <br /><br />
[[Glossary:Homophony]] <br /><br />
<br />
== '''Literature''' <br /> ==<br />
<br />
Kortmann, Bernd. English Linguistics: Essentials. Berlin 2005.<br />
<br />
== '''Links''' <br /> ==<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_homographs A Useful List of English Homographs]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3323NMTS-Group12013-02-14T15:30:11Z<p>Lorena: /* Exercise II */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions&diff=3322Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions2013-02-14T15:29:06Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>''We need more intelligent administrators.'' <br/><br />
<br />
Here we have a case of structural ambiguity, i.e. the ambiguity arises on the sentence level. <br/><br />
There are two different ways how this sentence can be read:<br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 1: <br/><br />
We have enough administrators, but they are not bright enough and need to become more intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
Here, ''more'' is used as a comparative particle. So, ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent.<br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 2:<br/><br />
We do not have enough administrators and need more administrators who are intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
In this case, ''more'' is used as a determiner. Thus, it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise II|Back to the exercise]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions&diff=3321Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions2013-02-14T15:25:06Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>''We need more intelligent administrators.'' <br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 1: <br/><br />
We have enough administrators, but they are not bright enough and need to become more intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
Here, ''more'' is used as a comparative particle. So, ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent.<br />
<br />
Possibility 2:<br/><br />
We do not have enough administrators and need more administrators who are intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
In this case, ''more'' is used as a determiner. Thus, it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.<br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise II|Back to the exercise]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions&diff=3320Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions2013-02-14T15:20:15Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Possible structure of the NP ''poor women and men''<br />
<br />
[[File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The first reading states that both women and men are poor.<br />
In the second reading only the women are poor.<br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Our_exercises|Back to exercises]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions&diff=3319Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions2013-02-14T15:19:10Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>As you should already have learned: Many jokes and puns are based on ambiguity. Here are some more examples: <br />
<br />
1. ''I rushed out and killed a huge lion in my pajamas!'' - ''How did the lion get in your pajamas?'' <br/><br />
2. Man in restaurant: ''I will have two lamb-chops. And make them lean, please.'' - Waiter: ''To which side?'' <br/><br />
3. ''Why was Cinderella thrown off the football game?'' - ''Because she ran from the ball.'' <br />
<br />
Example 1 is based on the double meaning of "in my pajamas". Most likely the first person meant he or she was wearing pajamas while killing the lion. The second speaker deliberately misunderstood him. The 2nd and 3rd example is based on the double meaning of one word. In the 2nd example this is ''lean''; the first reading and certainly what the guest meant: Without a lot of fat. The waiter then referred to the verb ''to lean''. In the 3rd example, the ambiguous word is ''ball'': ''sport'' vs. ''dress-ball'' make up this joke.<br />
<br />
If you have any further questions concerning your sentence, please contact Manfred Sailer via e-mail: [mailto:lrs@english-linguistics.de lrs@english-linguistics.de]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3&diff=3318Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-32013-02-14T15:17:23Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Nearly there, your answer is correct but there is another possible solution. <br/><br />
<br />
Structural ambiguity deals with ambiguity on the level of syntax.<br />
<br />
e.g.<br />
"Old women and men." <br/><br />
It is unclear to which noun (women and/or men) the adjective old refers, so the sentence could be read in the two following ways:<br />
*Both women and men are old.<br />
*Old only refers to the women. Men are not specified.<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Structural Ambiguity| Structural Ambiguity]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise II| Try to find the other possible solution!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1&diff=3317Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-12013-02-14T15:16:39Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Nearly there: The answer is correct, but there is another possibilty as well. <br/><br />
<br />
Scope ambiguity deals with the scope of quantifiers (every, some ...) and is a form of structural ambiguity. <br/><br />
<br />
e.g.<br />
"Everyone loves someone." <br/><br />
The sentence can be read in the two following ways. <br/><br />
*Everyone loves the same someone.<br />
*Everyone loves some different person.<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Scope Ambiguity| Scope Ambiguity]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise II| Try to find the other possible solution!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-e-Solution&diff=3316Group1-Ex1-e-Solution2013-02-14T15:16:03Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Oxford dictionary proposes the following six different solutions (according to the dictionary you used other solutions might be possible:<br />
<br />
* This girl is really hot. -> hot = good looking<br />
* This pepper is really hot. -> hot = extremely spicy<br />
* This soup is really hot. -> hot = warm<br />
* That was a really hot debate -> hot = involving much activity <br />
* Marc is very hot on Hifi. -> hot = very knowledgable, interested in<br />
* The whole situation was too hot to be handled by us alone -> hot = difficult to deal with<br />
<br />
If you want to check if a word has different meanings you can consult a dictionary. A good address is http://oxforddictionaries.com <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Let's try some other exercises!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1&diff=3315Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-12013-02-14T15:14:05Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, the answer is not correct.<br />
<br />
Scope ambiguity deals with the scope of quantifiers (every, some ...) and is a form of structural ambiguity. <br/><br />
<br />
e.g.<br />
"Everyone loves someone." <br/><br />
The sentence can be read in the two following ways. <br/><br />
*Everyone loves the same someone.<br />
*Everyone loves some different person.<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Scope Ambiguity| Scope Ambiguity]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3&diff=3314Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-32013-02-14T15:13:38Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Very good, that is correct.<br />
<br />
A homophone is a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way. <br/><br />
<br />
e.g. <br/><br />
'''bank''' <br/><br />
*financial institute<br />
*a device to sit on<br />
*the side of a river<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary:Homophony| Homophony]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Let's try some other exercises!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2&diff=3313Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-22013-02-14T15:12:53Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>Sorry, but your answer is not entirely correct.<br />
<br />
Polysemous means that a sound sequence has two or more different, but '''semantically related''' meanings. <br/><br />
<br />
e.g. <br/><br />
'''Man'''<br />
*A human being (vs. animal)<br />
*A male human being (vs. female)<br />
*An adult male human being (vs. boy)<br />
<br />
See the Glossary entry on [[Glossary: Polysemy| Polysemy]] for more information. <br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Exercise I| Try it again, please!]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=NMTS-Group1&diff=3312NMTS-Group12013-02-14T15:07:20Z<p>Lorena: /* Short description of the topic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}<br />
<br />
(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])<br />
<br />
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =<br />
<br />
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===<br />
<br />
* nicht existente Glossary Einträge zu ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, polysemy<br />
* auch in den Antworten der Übungen sind Links zu den oben genannten Glossary Einträgen<br />
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
=== Members ===<br />
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]<br />
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]<br />
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]<br />
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]<br />
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]<br />
<br />
=== Short description of the topic ===<br />
[[Glossary:ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/><br />
<br />
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver. <br />
<br />
[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/><br />
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.<br />
<br />
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/><br />
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/><br />
''Example'': <br/><br />
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/> <br />
<br />
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by: <br />
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]<br />
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] <br/><br />
<br />
== References and links ==<br />
<br />
=== References ===<br />
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. <br /><br />
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.<br />
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.<br />
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]<br />
<br />
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]<br />
<br />
* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]<br />
<br />
= Our e-learning objects =<br />
<br />
== Our wikipages ==<br />
<br />
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ ><br />
<br />
== Our podcasts ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]<br />
<br />
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==<br />
<br />
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]<br />
<br />
== Our pictures ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo<br />
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M<br />
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki<br />
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture<br />
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo<br />
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2<br />
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1<br />
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Our exercises ==<br />
<br />
=== Exercise I ===<br />
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br /><br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br /><br />
<br />
=== Exercise II===<br />
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/><br />
<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br /><br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br /><br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br /><br />
<br />
<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br /><br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br /><br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: <br />
1) give a linguistic characterization of the ambiguity. In reading 1 ''more'' is used as the comparative particle, i.e. ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent. In reading 2 ''more'' is used as a determiner, i.e., it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.<br />
</span><br />
<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br /><br />
<br />
===Exercise III===<br />
'''Trees'''<br /><br />
<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br /><br />
''poor women and men''<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br /><br />
<br />
b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.<br /><br />
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''.<br /><br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]<br /></div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions&diff=2443Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions2013-01-21T17:22:46Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>''We need more intelligent administrators.'' <br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 1: <br/><br />
We have enough administrators, but they are not bright enough and need to become more intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 2:<br/><br />
We do not have enough administrators and need more administrators who are intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Our_exercises|Back to the exercises]]</div>Lorenahttps://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions&diff=2442Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions2013-01-21T17:22:32Z<p>Lorena: </p>
<hr />
<div>We need more intelligent administrators. <br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 1: <br/><br />
We have enough administrators, but they are not bright enough and need to become more intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
Possibility 2:<br/><br />
We do not have enough administrators and need more administrators who are intelligent.<br/><br />
<br />
[[NMTS-Group1#Our_exercises|Back to the exercises]]</div>Lorena