Lexical Resource Semantics - User contributions [en]

NMTS-Group1

2013-01-29T21:33:14Z

Nicki: /* Our exercises */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Ambiguity (Group 1) =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on. 

It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. 
''Example'': 
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.

[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. 
''Example'': 
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] 
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.

A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] 

== References and links ==

=== References ===
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. 
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.

=== Links ===

* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wikipages ==

* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 

== Our podcasts ==

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]

[[NMTS_Meeting_10]]

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far). 

* '''Exercise I: general definition of ambiguity''' 

a) What is an ambiguous word? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word, i.e. a sound sequence that has two or more different, but semantically related meanings]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word, i.e. a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it.]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

d) Can you explain the ambiguity in c) by paraphrasing the sentences? 
[[Group1-Ex1-d-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
e) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings. 
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
Comment: you should give more example sentences with other meanings of ''hot''. Take all readings given in your favorite monolingual dictionary. For example: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hot?q=hot

* '''Exercise II: different types of ambiguity''' 

a) Also phrases and whole sentences can have more than more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called? 
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] 
Comment: good that you link to the definitions here. But the question is not very good, because a sentence can be ambiguous because of a scope ambiguity or a lexical ambiguity, not just because of a scope ambiguity. Please reformulate your question.

b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them. 
''We need more intelligent administrators''. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]] 
Comment:
1) give a linguistic characterization of the ambiguity. In reading 1 ''more'' is used as the comparative particle, i.e. ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent. In reading 2 ''more'' is used as a determiner, i.e., it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.


c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]] 

* '''Exercise III: Trees''' 

a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase. 
''poor women and men'' 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]] 

b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence. 
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]

NMTS-Group1

2013-01-29T21:32:47Z

Nicki: /* Our exercises */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Ambiguity (Group 1) =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on. 

It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. 
''Example'': 
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.

[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. 
''Example'': 
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] 
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.

A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] 

== References and links ==

=== References ===
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. 
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.

=== Links ===

* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wikipages ==

* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 

== Our podcasts ==

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]

[[NMTS_Meeting_10]]

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far). 

* '''Exercise I: general definition of ambiguity''' 

a) What is an ambiguous word? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word, i.e. a sound sequence that has two or more different, but semantically related meanings]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word, i.e. a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it.]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]] 
Comment: provide more information in the solution!

d) Can you explain the ambiguity in c) by paraphrasing the sentences? 
[[Group1-Ex1-d-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
e) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings. 
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
Comment: you should give more example sentences with other meanings of ''hot''. Take all readings given in your favorite monolingual dictionary. For example: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hot?q=hot

* '''Exercise II: different types of ambiguity''' 

a) Also phrases and whole sentences can have more than more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called? 
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] 
Comment: good that you link to the definitions here. But the question is not very good, because a sentence can be ambiguous because of a scope ambiguity or a lexical ambiguity, not just because of a scope ambiguity. Please reformulate your question.

b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them. 
''We need more intelligent administrators''. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]] 
Comment:
1) use real arrow symbols: http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/arrows.html
2) give a linguistic characterization of the ambiguity. In reading 1 ''more'' is used as the comparative particle, i.e. ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent. In reading 2 ''more'' is used as a determiner, i.e., it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.


c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]] 

* '''Exercise III: Trees''' 

a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase. 
''poor women and men'' 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]] 

b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence. 
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''. 
→ [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]

NMTS-Group1

2013-01-28T18:18:15Z

Nicki: /* Our podcasts */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Ambiguity (Group 1) =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on. 

It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. 
''Example'': 
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.

[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. 
''Example'': 
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] 
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.

A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] 

== References and links ==

=== References ===
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. 
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.

=== Links ===

* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wikipages ==

* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 

== Our podcasts ==

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]

[[NMTS_Meeting_10]]

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far). 

* '''Exercise I: general definition of ambiguity''' 

a) What is an ambiguous word? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word, i.e. a sound sequence that has two or more different, but semantically related meanings]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word, i.e. a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way]] 

b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]] 

c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it.]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]] 

d) Can you explain the ambiguity in c) by paraphrasing the sentences? 
[[Group1-Ex1-d-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
e) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings. 
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 

* '''Exercise II: different types of ambiguity''' 

a) Also phrases and whole sentences can have more than more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called? 
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] 

b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them. 
''We need more intelligent administrators''. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]] 

c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]] 

* '''Exercise III: Trees''' 

a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase. 
''poor women and men'' 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]] 

b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence. 
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]

Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions

2013-01-28T18:15:33Z

Nicki:

<gallery>
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men
</gallery>

The first reading states that both women and men are poor.
In the second reading only the women are poor.

Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions

2013-01-28T18:14:30Z

Nicki:

<gallery>
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men
</gallery>

File:Tree Ambiguity.jpg

2013-01-28T18:11:03Z

Nicki:

Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions

2013-01-28T18:10:46Z

Nicki: Created page with "File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg"

[[File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg]]

Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions

2013-01-28T18:00:00Z

Nicki:

As you should already have learned: Many jokes and puns are based on ambiguity. Here are some more examples:

1. ''I rushed out and killed a huge lion in my pajamas!'' - ''How did the lion get in your pajamas?'' 
2. Man in restaurant: ''I will have two lamb-chops. And make them lean, please.'' - Waiter: ''To which side?'' 
3. ''Why was Cinderella thrown off the football game?'' - ''Because she ran from the ball.''

Example 1. is based on the double meaning of "in my pajamas". Most likely the first person meant he or she was wearing pajamas while killing the lion. The second speaker deliberately misunderstood him. The 2nd and 3rd example is based on the double meaning of one word. In the 2nd example this is lean; the first reading and certainly what the guest meant: Without a lot of fat. The waiter then referred to the verb to lean. In the 3rd example, the ambiguous word is ball: sport vs. dress-ball make up this joke.

If you have any further questions concerning your sentence, please contact Manfred Sailer via e-mail: [mailto:sailer@em.uni-frankfurt.de sailer@em.uni-frankfurt.de]

Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions

2013-01-28T17:59:34Z

Nicki:

As you should already have learned: Many jokes and puns are based on ambiguity. Here are some more examples:

1. ''I rushed out and killed a huge lion in my pajamas!'' - ''How did the lion get in your pajamas?'' 
2. Man in restaurant: ''I will have two lamb-chops. And make them lean, please.'' - Waiter: ''To which side?'' 
3. ''Why was Cinderella thrown off the football game?'' - ''Because she ran from the ball.''

Example 1. is based on the double meaning of "in my pajamas". Most likely the first person meant he or she was wearing pajamas while killing the lion. The second speaker deliberately misunderstood him. The 2nd and 3rd example is based on the double meaning of one word. In the 2nd example this is lean; the first reading and certainly what the guest meant: Without a lot of fat. The waiter then referred to the verb to lean. In the 3rd example, the ambiguous word is ball: sport vs. dress-ball make up this joke.

If you have any further questions concerning your sentence, please contact:
E-mail: [mailto:sailer@em.uni-frankfurt.de sailer@em.uni-frankfurt.de]

NMTS-Group1

2013-01-28T17:58:16Z

Nicki: /* Our exercises */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Ambiguity (Group 1) =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on. 

It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. 
''Example'': 
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.

[[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|Structural ambiguity]] arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning. 
''Example'': 
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] 
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.

A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:
*[[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy]]
*[[Glossary:Homophony|homophony]]
*[[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy]] 

== References and links ==

=== References ===
*Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. 
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.

=== Links ===

* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|lexical ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Polysemy|polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]

* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ambiguity/ "ambiguity" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

* [http://online.sfsu.edu/kbach/ambguity.html Online version of Kent Bach's entry on ''ambiguity'' in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wikipages ==

* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] 

== Our podcasts ==
List all the podcasts that were created by your group.

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]

[[NMTS_Meeting_10]]

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Carlo.jpg|Anna's cat Carlo
File:MarcM1.jpg|Marc M
File:Nicki1.jpg|Nicki
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far). 

* '''Exercise I: general definition of ambiguity''' 

a) What is an ambiguous word? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word, i.e. a sound sequence that has two or more different, but semantically related meanings]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word, i.e. a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way]] 

b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-1|scope ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]] 

c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence? 
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it.]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]] 

d) Can you explain the ambiguity in c) by paraphrasing the sentences? 
[[Group1-Ex1-d-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 
e) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings. 
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]] 

* '''Exercise II: different types of ambiguity''' 

a) Also phrases and whole sentences can have more than more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called? 
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]] 
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] 
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] 

b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them. 
''We need more intelligent administrators''. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]] 

c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]] 

* '''Exercise III: Trees''' 

a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase. 
''poor women and men'' 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]] 

b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence. 
''Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower''. 
--> [[Group1-Ex2-d-Solutions|Trees]]

NMTS-InferencePage

2012-12-02T20:34:10Z

Nicki: /* Dialogue by User:Nicki */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Homework of November 27 =

== Task ==

Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:
# one entailment
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)

== Dialogues ==

=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===

The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f. 
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)

# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a 
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr 
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I 
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami- 
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing 
# off, instanter!´
#
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news 
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of 
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence 
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef 
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed 
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.

'''Entailment:'''
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''

'''Presupposition:'''
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''. 
Type of presuppostion: factive 
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...''). 
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class. 
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.

'''Implicature:'''
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''
 
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature. 
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.

=== Add your dialogues here ===

== Dialogue by [[User:Nicki]]==

#A1: I dreamed I had won a million dollars.
#B1: That’s a pitty. My neighbor actually won 5000 dollars last week in the lottery.
#A1: Really that’s amazing. By the way, is the apartment next to you still for sale?
#B1: The owner just removed the ‘for-sale’-sign yesterday.

'''Entailment:'''

Line 2: 
Entailment: B1 has a neighbor.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 1: 
Non-factive presuppostion: A1 did not win a million dollars.

'''Impliciture:'''

Line 4: 
Conversational impliciture: There is no “for sale” sign anymore, so the apartment is sold.

== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==

Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". 

#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life.
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent.
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years
#suddenly she is not decent.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock,
#It’s hilarious.
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!
 
'''Entailment:''' 
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.

'''Presupposition:''' 
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. 
Type of presupposition: factive.

'''Implicature:''' 
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==

1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? 
2. Most of our friends were there." 
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... 
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." 
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." 
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." 
 
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. 
 
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there. 
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. 
 
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. 
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party. 
 
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. 
 
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==

# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. 
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." 
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" 
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. 
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"

'''Entailment:'''

Line 1: 
Lisa is talking. Verena is talking.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.

Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.

'''Implicature:'''

Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.

== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==

1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. 
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? 
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. 

Line 1:
'''Entailment:'''
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.

Line 2:
'''Presupposition:'''
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.

Line 3:
'''Implicature'''
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain.

== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==

1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” 
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” 
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” 

'''Entailment:'''
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.

'''Presupposition:'''
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.

'''Implicature'''
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her.

<hr />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]] 
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]

NMTS-InferencePage

2012-12-02T20:33:44Z

Nicki: /* Dialogue by User:Nicki */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Homework of November 27 =

== Task ==

Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:
# one entailment
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)

== Dialogues ==

=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===

The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f. 
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)

# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a 
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr 
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I 
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami- 
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing 
# off, instanter!´
#
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news 
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of 
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence 
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef 
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed 
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.

'''Entailment:'''
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''

'''Presupposition:'''
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''. 
Type of presuppostion: factive 
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...''). 
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class. 
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.

'''Implicature:'''
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''
 
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature. 
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.

=== Add your dialogues here ===

== Dialogue by [[User:Nicki]]==

#A1: I dreamed I had won a million dollars.
#B1: That’s a pitty. My neighbor actually won 5000 dollars last week in the lottery.
#A1: Really that’s amazing. By the way, is the apartment next to you still for sale?
#B1: The owner just removed the ‘for-sale’-sign yesterday.

'''Entailment:'''

Line 2: 
Entailment: B1 has a neighbor.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 1: 
Non-factive presuppostion: A1 did not win a million dollars.

'''Impliciture:'''
Line 4: 
Conversational impliciture: There is no “for sale” sign anymore, so the apartment is sold.

== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==

Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". 

#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life.
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent.
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years
#suddenly she is not decent.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock,
#It’s hilarious.
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!
 
'''Entailment:''' 
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.

'''Presupposition:''' 
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. 
Type of presupposition: factive.

'''Implicature:''' 
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==

1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? 
2. Most of our friends were there." 
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... 
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." 
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." 
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." 
 
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. 
 
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there. 
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. 
 
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. 
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party. 
 
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. 
 
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==

# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. 
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." 
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" 
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. 
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"

'''Entailment:'''

Line 1: 
Lisa is talking. Verena is talking.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.

Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.

'''Implicature:'''

Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.

== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==

1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. 
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? 
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. 

Line 1:
'''Entailment:'''
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.

Line 2:
'''Presupposition:'''
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.

Line 3:
'''Implicature'''
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain.

== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==

1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” 
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” 
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” 

'''Entailment:'''
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.

'''Presupposition:'''
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.

'''Implicature'''
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her.

<hr />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]] 
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]

NMTS-InferencePage

2012-12-02T20:33:12Z

Nicki: /* Add your dialogues here */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Homework of November 27 =

== Task ==

Come up with or report a short dialogue and use it to illustrate:
# one entailment
# one presupposition (what is the trigger? what kind of presupposition is it?)
# one implicature (what kind of implicature is it? show the calculation by applying the maxims in the case of conversational implicatures)

== Dialogues ==

=== Dialogue by [[User:Manfred]] ===

The following passage is taken from David Mitchell ''Cloud Atlas'', London: Sceptre, 2004, p.33f. 
(Comment: this is not a real dialogue, but the text is clear enough so that it is easy to see what has been said in the described situtation.)

# Along the gangway I stepped (''Prophetess'' was bucking like a 
# young bronco) to the officers' mess, knocked & entered. Mr 
# Roderick & Mr Boerhaave were listening to Cpt. Molyneux. I 
# cleared my throat and bade all good morning, at which our ami- 
# cable captain swore, `You can better my morning by b-ing 
# off, instanter!´
#
# Coolly, I asked ''when'' the captain might find time to hear news 
# of an Indian stowaway who had just emerged from the coils of 
# hawser taking up my `so-called cabin´. During the ensuing silence 
# Cpt. Molyneux's pale, horny-toad complexion turned roast beef 
# pink. Ere his blast was launched, I added the stowaway claimed 
# to be an able-seaman & begged to work his passage.

'''Entailment:'''
Line 4: ''I bade all good morning'' entails ''I said something''

'''Presupposition:'''
Lines 8/9: ''hear news of an Indian stowaway ...''. Presupposes: ''there is an Indian stowaway ...''. 
Type of presuppostion: factive 
Note 1: it is remarkable that in this case the presupposition projects over a modal (''might'') and an embedded question (''when ...''). 
Note 2: the factive presupposition with ''hear'' is not as strong as with ''know'', ''realize'' or the other predicates discussed in class. 
Note 3: In line 12, the verb ''claim'' is used. Its complement clause's content (''the stowaway is an able-seamben'') is not presupposed.

'''Implicature:'''
Lines 10: ''my so-called cabin''. Implicature: ''my cabin is not a proper cabin (because of all the stored hawser)''
 
Type of implicature: particularized conversational implicature. 
Calculation: The maxim of manner seems to be flouted (''be brief'') by the apperantly superfluous ''so-called''. The addressee understands that the speaker wants to communicate more than just saying that the stowaway was in his cabin. The attribute ''so-called'' indicates that the object does not fully satisfy the criteria of what would count as a real cabin.

=== Add your dialogues here ===

== Dialogue by [[User:Nicki]]==

#A1: I dreamed I had won a million dollars.
#B1: That’s a pitty. My neighbor actually won 5000 dollars last week in the lottery.
#A1: Really that’s amazing. By the way, is the apartment next to you still for sale?
#B1: The owner just removed the ‘for-sale’-sign yesterday.

'''Entailment:'''

Line 2: 
Entailment: B1 has a neighbor.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 1: 
Non-factive presuppostion: A1 did not win a million dollars.

Line 4: 
Conversational impliciture: There is no “for sale” sign anymore, so the apartment is sold.

== Dialogue by [[User:Anna P.]] ==

Taken from The Big Bang Theory, Season 6 Episode 4 "The Re-Entry Minimization". 

#'''Howard:''' Hey Ma, twinkle twinkle! You’re little star is home!
#(Tries to open the door, but fails) Ma, the chain is on the door!
#'''Howard's Mom:''' Howard? I thought I don’t get to see you until tomorrow.
#'''Howard:''' Yeah well, Bearny is not feeling well so I thought I stop by.
#Tell you about the greatest adventure of my life.
#See if you can make me feel bad about it.
#'''His Mom:''' Oh ok, hold on. I’m not decent.
#'''Howard:''' Alright. (To himself) Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years
#suddenly she is not decent.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Want me to hide in the closet or go out the back?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Shhhh… you need to whisper!
#'''Howard:''' Ma, who’s in there?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Ah no body… the TV is on.
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' I only got one sock. Where is my other sock?
#'''Howard:''' Who is it?
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' I told you it’s the TV. James Leno lost his sock,
#It’s hilarious.
#'''Howard:''' If you’re busy, I can come back.
#'''Howard’s Mom:''' Just gimme a second! (To Mr. Schneider) Go go go!!
#(Dr. Schneider climbs out of the window. Howard catches him)
#'''Howard:''' Dr. Schneider?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Oh… (as if nothing had happen) Hello, Howard!
#'''Howard:''' What are you doing here?
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Uhm, house call!
#'''Howard:''' You’re a dentist!
#'''Dr. Schneider:''' Yes, yes I am. (Turning toward the house, yelling at
#Howard’s Mom) I think he’s on to us!
 
'''Entailment:''' 
Line 7: ''I'm not decent.'' entails that Howard's mom needs to dress first before she can attend to her son.

'''Presupposition:''' 
Line 6: ''See if you can make me feel bad about it.'' presupposes that his mother usually is giving Howard a hard time. 
Type of presupposition: factive.

'''Implicature:''' 
Line 8/9: ''Woman hasn’t tied her robe in 20 years suddenly she is not decent.'' Particularized conversational implicature. Seems to violate the maxim of relevance but still inference is made due to the fact that Howard's utterance is highly ironical, even sarcastic.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lorena]] ==

1. '''Tim:''' "Why didn´t you come to John´s party last Saturday night? 
2. Most of our friends were there." 
3. '''Kevin:''' "Well, if I hadn´t had to pick my parents from the airport... 
4. I heavily regret that I couldn´t be there." 
5. '''Tim:''' "I see. Your parents were on holiday, I guess." 
6. '''Kevin:''' " Yes, exactly." 
 
1. '''''structural presupposition:''''' Tim presupposes that the Kevin knows that there was a party on the particular place and time mentionend. This part of information is assumed to be true, so he can ask a question that contains these given facts. 
 
2. '''''scalar implicature:''''' Tim expresses how many friends there were at the party. He implicates that there were more than many, but less than all friends there. 
'''''entailment:''''' If Tim´s first sentence is true, than his second one is also true; i.e. If there was a party and he went there, it is likely that he also met friends there. 
 
3. '''''counterfactual presupposition:''''' The opposite of Kevin´s utterance is true - he had to pick his parents from the airport. 
Furthermore, his utterance serves as an explanation for his absence and implicates that if he hadn´t had to fetch them, he would have been at the party. 
 
4. '''''factive presupposition:''''' The verb ''regret'' emphasizes the fact of his absence. But it also expresses that he could have been there. 
 
5. '''''hedge''''' (I guess) concerning the maxim of quality of the cooperative principle: Tim conveys that he is not quite sure if his friend´s parents were abroad. The usage of this cautious note indicates that his inference might not be accurate.

== Dialogue by [[User:Lisa]]==

# Lisa and Verena are chatting during a lecture. 
# Lisa says: "I really regret havig taken this course." 
# Verena nodds and asks: "How is your dog?" 
# "Oh she is fine. But yesterday she drove me crazy. 
# She chased a cat and ran into a garden!"

'''Entailment:'''

Line 1: 
Lisa is talking. Verena is talking.

'''Presupposition:'''

Line 2: "I regret having taken this course" presupposes that Lisa took the course. The presupposed information following the verb "regret" can be treated as a fact. Therefore, it is a factive presuppostion.

Line 3: "How is your dog" presupposes that Lisa has a dog. Explanation as in 2.

'''Implicature:'''

Line 5: "...chased a cat and ran into a garden!" Implicature: It was not Lisa´s cat or garden. She does not know to whom both belongs. Here, no special knowledge is required in the context to calculate the additional conveyed meaning. If Lisa was capable of being more specific she would have said "my garden/cat" or " the garden/cat of xy" (following the maxim of quantity). Therefore, it is a generalized conversational implicature.

== Dialogue by [[User:AnKa]] ==

1. '''A:''' We have many teachers in our school. 
2. '''B:''' Is there a male English teacher at your school? 
3. '''A:''' The class next door has a male teacher. 

Line 1:
'''Entailment:'''
A has at least some teachers in her/his school.

Line 2:
'''Presupposition:'''
Either there is a male English teacher at the school or there isn’t. It is a question.

Line 3:
'''Implicature'''
Conversational Implicature: Maxim of Quality. The Speaker does not want to give a precise answer because he might be uncertain.

== Dialogue by [[User:Moonhwa9113]] ==

1. '''Tom:''' “Good morning Mary, did you sleep well?” 
2. '''Mary:''' “Not really. I dreamt I was a rat. It was awful” 
3. '''Tom:''' “This might sound odd but I think I heard you squeaking last night.” 

'''Entailment:'''
Line 1 entails that Mary had been sleeping.

'''Presupposition:'''
In line 2 Mary explains she dreamt she was a rat which proves she isn’t in real-life. Hence it forms a non-factive presupposition.

'''Implicature'''
In line 3 we see that the speaker Tom hedges (maxim of quality) while he carefully admits to have heard Mary squeaking but is either not sure or simply does not want to embarrass her.

<hr />
Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]] 
Back to [[NMTS_Meeting_7|meeting 7]]

NMTS-Group1

2012-10-31T16:31:14Z

Nicki: /* References */

NMTS-Group1

2012-10-23T15:40:10Z

Nicki: /* References */

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:36:51Z

Nicki: /* Literature */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

[ɛnˈteɪl.mənt]

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around. If sentence A is true, sentence B is true. If sentence B is true, it cannot be concluded that sentence A is true.

== Examples ==

(A) Paul broke the window. (B) The window is broken.

(A) Paul and Jake went to a dinner party. (B) Paul went to a dinner party.

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==
Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag. 
Rice, Hugh. 1986. “''Entailment''” in: Mind, Vol. 93, No. 379, 345-360. (accessed via ''Jstor'', Oct/23/12).

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:36:30Z

Nicki: /* Literature */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

[ɛnˈteɪl.mənt]

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around. If sentence A is true, sentence B is true. If sentence B is true, it cannot be concluded that sentence A is true.

== Examples ==

(A) Paul broke the window. (B) The window is broken.

(A) Paul and Jake went to a dinner party. (B) Paul went to a dinner party.

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==
Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag.
Rice, Hugh. 1986. “''Entailment''” in: Mind, Vol. 93, No. 379, 345-360. (accessed via ''Jstor'', Oct/23/12).

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:17:55Z

Nicki: /* Entailment */

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:14:51Z

Nicki: /* Related terms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

/ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around. If sentence A is true, sentence B is true. If sentence B is true, it cannot be concluded that sentence A is true.

== Examples ==

(A) Paul broke the window. (B) The window is broken.

(A) Paul and Jake went to a dinner party. (B) Paul went to a dinner party.

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==
Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. ''Introduction to English Linguistics'' (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag.

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:14:31Z

Nicki: /* Literature */

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:10:16Z

Nicki: /* Definition */

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:08:48Z

Nicki: /* Definition */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

/ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around.
If sentence A is true, sentence B is true.
If sentence B is true, it cannot be concluded that sentence A is true.

== Examples ==

(A) Paul broke the window. (B) The window is broken.

(A) Paul and Jake went to a dinner party. (B) Paul went to a dinner party.

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:07:38Z

Nicki: /* Examples */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

/ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around.

== Examples ==

(A) Paul broke the window. (B) The window is broken.

(A) Paul and Jake went to a dinner party. (B) Paul went to a dinner party.

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T15:06:19Z

Nicki: /* Definition */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

/ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

== Definition ==
Entailment describes a relation between sentences. Sentence A entails sentence B, but not the other way around.

== Examples ==

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==

Glossary:entailment

2012-10-23T14:54:03Z

Nicki: Created page with "{{MaterialUnderConstruction}} = Entailment = /ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/ == Definition == == Examples == == Related terms == * contradiction * [[G..."

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

= Entailment =

/ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/

== Definition ==

== Examples ==

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Contracdiction|contradiction]]

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|Paraphrase]]

== Literature ==

Basic Glossary

2012-10-23T14:50:56Z

Nicki: /* E */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the meeting of [[NMTS_Meeting_2|October 23, 2012]])

= Glossary of Basic Semantic Terms =

== A ==

* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']] ([[User:KimA]])

* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonym''']] ([[User:Leo]])

== B ==

== C ==

* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']] ([[User:Katarzyna]])
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''Complementarity''']] ([[User:VerenaS]])

== D ==

== E ==

* [[Glossary:entailment|'''entailment''']] ([[User:Nicki]])

== F ==

* [[Glossary: Formulae|'''formulae''']] ([[User:Elisabeth.krall]])

== G ==

== H ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']] ([[User:Anna]])

* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']] ([[User:Lisa]])

== I ==

== J ==

== K ==

== L ==

* [[Glossary:Lexical Ambiguity|'''lexical ambiguity''']] ([[User:KimA]])

== M ==

* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']] ([[User:Anna P.]])

== N ==

== O ==

Warning:
The material on this page has been created as part of a seminar. It is still heavily under construction and we do not guarantee its correctness. If you have comments on this page or suggestions for improvement, please contact Manfred Sailer.
This note will be removed once the page has been carefully checked and integrated into the main part of this wiki.

* [[Glossary:Oxymoron|'''oxymoron''']] ([[User:Stephie R.]])

== P ==
* Polysemy ([[Polysemy| User:Marlene]])

* [[Glossary:Paraphrase |Paraphrase]] ([[User:Katharina | Katharina]])

= Quantifiers =

Pronunciation

== Definition ==

Quantifiers refer to quantity
''Comment:''
...

== Examples ==

''more than half'' 
''a third''

== Related terms ==

* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym]]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonym]]
* [[Glossary:Paraphrase|paraphrase]]

== References and links ==

== R ==

== S ==

* [[Glossary:Synonym|'''quantifiers''']] ([[User:BorisL]])

== T ==

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

NMTS Meeting 2

2012-10-23T14:44:33Z

Nicki: /* Groups */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]])

= Working with MediaWiki and Semantics =

== Working with MediaWiki ==

Selected comments on example user pages:
* internal links
* licensing information on the picture site

List of [[UserPageComments|individual comments]].

== Little Glossary of Semantic Terminology ==

We create a little [[Basic Glossary|glossary of basic terms]] in semantics

== Semantics ==

your topics:
* ambiguity
* semantic relations between words and sentences
* connotation, denotation
* predicate logic
** logical connectives
** variables
** quantifiers
* English syntax

== Groups ==

* Group 0: [[NMTS-Group0|wikipage of Group 0]]
** Members: [[User:Manfred|Manfred Sailer]], [[User:Suzanne|Suzanne]], [[User:Sabrina|Sabrina]], [[User:Eleris|Eleris]]
** Topic: Example material
* Group 1: [[NMTS-Group1|wikipage of Group 1]]
** Members: [[User:Nicki|Nicki]], [[User:Leo|Leo]], [[User:Lorena|Lorena]], [[User:Anna_Böcher|Anna Böcher]], [[User:Marc_M|Marc M]]
** Topic: Ambiguity
* Group 2: [[NMTS-Group2|wikipage of Group 2]]
* Group 3: [[NMTS-Group3|wikipage of Group 3]]
* Group 4: [[NMTS-Group4|wikipage of Group 4]]
* Group 5: [[NMTS-Group5|wikipage of Group 5]]
* Group 6: [[NMTS-Group6|wikipage of Group 6]]
* Group 7: [[NMTS-Group7|wikipage of Group 7]]
* Group 8: [[NMTS-Group8|wikipage of Group 8]]
* Group 9: [[NMTS-Group9|wikipage of Group 9]]
* Group 10: [[NMTS-Group10|wikipage of Group 10]]

= For the next meeting =

== Revision ==

Correct/complete your user page and the page of your picture if necessary

== Glossary ==

Add a term to our glossary and create the corresponding entry.
* Name of your page: if you work on synonymy, then your page should be called Glossary:Synonym

== Group ==

* Form a group of at most 5 people.
* Make sure you can exchange information within the group (exchange e-mail, ...)
* Decide on the topic for your group.
* Create the wikipage for your group. Your page should follow the pattern used by [[NMTS-Group0| Group 0]].
* Include at least three references that may help you work on your topic.

== Prepare a short presentation ==

Each group will give a 3 minute presentation on their topic:
# What is your group working on?
# Give one clear example.
# What is particularly difficult?

NMTS Meeting 2

2012-10-23T14:37:40Z

Nicki: /* Groups */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Course_Overview|course overview]])

= Working with MediaWiki and Semantics =

== Working with MediaWiki ==

Selected comments on example user pages:
* internal links
* licensing information on the picture site

List of [[UserPageComments|individual comments]].

== Little Glossary of Semantic Terminology ==

We create a little [[Basic Glossary|glossary of basic terms]] in semantics

== Semantics ==

your topics:
* ambiguity
* semantic relations between words and sentences
* connotation, denotation
* predicate logic
** logical connectives
** variables
** quantifiers
* English syntax

== Groups ==

* Group 0: [[NMTS-Group0|wikipage of Group 0]]
** Members: [[User:Manfred|Manfred Sailer]], [[User:Suzanne|Suzanne]], [[User:Sabrina|Sabrina]], [[User:Eleris|Eleris]]
** Topic: Example material
* Group 1: [[NMTS-Group1|Ambiguity (Group 1)]]
* Group 2: [[NMTS-Group2|wikipage of Group 2]]
* Group 3: [[NMTS-Group3|wikipage of Group 3]]
* Group 4: [[NMTS-Group4|wikipage of Group 4]]
* Group 5: [[NMTS-Group5|wikipage of Group 5]]
* Group 6: [[NMTS-Group6|wikipage of Group 6]]
* Group 7: [[NMTS-Group7|wikipage of Group 7]]
* Group 8: [[NMTS-Group8|wikipage of Group 8]]
* Group 9: [[NMTS-Group9|wikipage of Group 9]]
* Group 10: [[NMTS-Group10|wikipage of Group 10]]

= For the next meeting =

== Revision ==

Correct/complete your user page and the page of your picture if necessary

== Glossary ==

Add a term to our glossary and create the corresponding entry.
* Name of your page: if you work on synonymy, then your page should be called Glossary:Synonym

== Group ==

* Form a group of at most 5 people.
* Make sure you can exchange information within the group (exchange e-mail, ...)
* Decide on the topic for your group.
* Create the wikipage for your group. Your page should follow the pattern used by [[NMTS-Group0| Group 0]].
* Include at least three references that may help you work on your topic.

== Prepare a short presentation ==

Each group will give a 3 minute presentation on their topic:
# What is your group working on?
# Give one clear example.
# What is particularly difficult?

User:Nicki

2012-10-23T14:34:35Z

Nicki: /* Nicola Grüter */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicki Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* [[Hauptseminar:_''New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics''| New Media in Teaching Semantics]] (WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-23T14:33:48Z

Nicki: /* Linguistic Classes */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* [[Hauptseminar:_''New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics''| New Media in Teaching Semantics]] (WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-23T14:33:34Z

Nicki: /* Linguistic Classes */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* [[Hauptseminar:_''New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics''| New Media in Teaching Semantics]](WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-23T14:33:02Z

Nicki: /* Linguistic Classes */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)
** Link: [[Hauptseminar:_''New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics''| New Media in Teaching Semantics]]

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-23T14:32:32Z

Nicki: /* Linguistic Classes */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)
** Link: [[Hauptseminar:_''New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics'']]

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

NMTS-Group1

2012-10-23T14:30:16Z

Nicki: /* Wikipage of Group 1: Ambiguity */

NMTS-Group1

2012-10-23T14:29:51Z

Nicki: /* Members */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 1: Ambiguity =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Give a short description of your topic

== References and links ==

=== References ===
Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic

=== Links ===
Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic.

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==
List all the wiki pages that were created by your group.

== Our podcasts ==
List all the podcasts that were created by your group.

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==
Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:
<nowiki>
<gallery>
File:Eleris.jpg|Eleris
File:ManfredFrankfurt1.jpg|Manfred Sailer
</gallery></nowiki>
<gallery>
File:Eleris.jpg|Eleris
File:ManfredFrankfurt1.jpg|Manfred Sailer
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==
Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far).

NMTS-Group1

2012-10-23T14:29:28Z

Nicki: Created page with "{{MaterialUnderConstruction}} (Back to the group overview) = Wikipage of Group 1: Ambiguity = == Overview == === Members === List the members of..."

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 1: Ambiguity =

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
List the members of your group here
* [[User:Nicki| Nicki]]
* [[User:Marc_M| Marc M]]
* [[User:Leo| Leo]]
* [[User:Anna_Böcher| Anna Böcher]]
* [[User:Lorena| Lorena]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Give a short description of your topic

== References and links ==

=== References ===
Indicate at least 3 references that you will use for your topic

=== Links ===
Indicate links that may be helpful for your topic.

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==
List all the wiki pages that were created by your group.

== Our podcasts ==
List all the podcasts that were created by your group.

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.

== Our pictures ==
Give all the pictures of your group. Use the gallery function for this:
<nowiki>
<gallery>
File:Eleris.jpg|Eleris
File:ManfredFrankfurt1.jpg|Manfred Sailer
</gallery></nowiki>
<gallery>
File:Eleris.jpg|Eleris
File:ManfredFrankfurt1.jpg|Manfred Sailer
</gallery>

== Our exercises ==
Provide links to all the exercises that your group has created.

* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far).

User:Nicki

2012-10-18T13:29:28Z

Nicki:

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)
** Link: http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/Hauptseminar:_%27%27New_Media_in_Teaching_Semantics%27%27

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-18T13:29:09Z

Nicki:

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
** Link: http://www.english-linguistics.de/
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

File:Nicki1.jpg

2012-10-18T12:59:33Z

Nicki:

== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}

{|
|-
|Description:
|Nicki in 2010
|-
|Author:
|Nicki
|-
|Source:
|private
|-
|}

File:Nicki1.jpg

2012-10-18T12:59:05Z

Nicki:

== Licensing ==
{{cc-by-nc-dn-3.0}}

{|
|-
|Description:
|<Nicki in 2010>
|-
|Author:
|<Nicki>
|-
|Source:
|<private>
|-
|}

User:Nicki

2012-10-16T16:58:38Z

Nicki: /* Nicola Grüter */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

Email: nicola.grueter@stud.uni-frankfurt.de

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

User:Nicki

2012-10-16T16:57:34Z

Nicki: /* Nicola Grüter */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)

== Interests ==
# Soccer
# Reading
# Semantics ;)

File:Nicki1.jpg

2012-10-16T16:53:32Z

Nicki:

User:Nicki

2012-10-16T16:53:09Z

Nicki: /* Nicola Grüter */

[[File:Nicki1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Nicola Grüter, 2011|Nicola Grüter]]

= Nicola Grüter =

* Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)

User:Nicki

2012-10-16T16:51:28Z

Nicki: /* Nicola Grüter */

= Nicola Grüter =

* Student at Goethe University Frankfurt · English · Mathematics (L3)

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)

User:Nicki

2012-10-16T16:48:29Z

Nicki: Created page with "= Nicola Grüter = == Linguistic Classes == * Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011) * Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012) * New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)"

= Nicola Grüter =

== Linguistic Classes ==
* Introduction to Linguistics (SoSe 2011)
* Semantic Phenomena (WS 2011/2012)
* New Media in Teaching Semantics (WS 2012/2013)