Lexical Resource Semantics - User contributions [en]

NMTS-Group2

2013-04-07T20:34:17Z

VerenaS: /* Our podcasts */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]
* [[Antonymy|Antonymy]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/ti57MJN9Qio</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
'''In this section, you have to choose which word is a synonym or antonym of the above. As you're doing a multiple-choice test, please remember that more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!''' 
 
 
'''1.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'ambassador'?''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
 
'''1.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'competition'?''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
 
'''2.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'reverie'?''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
 
'''2.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'mite'?''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
 
'''3.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'result'?''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 
'''3.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'reality'?''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

Antonyms3e

2013-04-02T21:17:53Z

VerenaS:

'''Well done!''' 
'''Fantasy''' is a synonym of ''dream'' and ''fiction'' and can therefore be seen as an antonym of '''reality'''. Or have you ever experienced something in reality that you have once dreamed about? ;)
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms3d

2013-04-02T21:17:44Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfect!''' 
'''Fiction''' and '''reality''' are complementary worlds. The protagonist in your science fiction novel is mostly fictious although for him, everything is real. Still, both words are antonyms.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms3c

2013-04-02T21:17:34Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. You can '''react''' on reality but antonyms? Maybe when your reactions are seen as decisions changing reality... Anyway, guess one more time, the solution is not to far away.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms3b

2013-04-02T21:17:23Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. In a play, there actually is a lot of imagination and one could argue that often, reality does ''not'' play such a great role but this does ''not'' qualify '''play''' to be the antonym of reality.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms3a

2013-04-02T21:17:15Z

VerenaS:

'''You made it!''' 
If you '''dream''', you're not really attendant to the world around you. '''Reality''' therefore cannot influence you because you are in your own world. A very good example for antonyms!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms3e

2013-04-02T21:16:53Z

VerenaS:

'''You did it!''' 
School '''grades''' are often named '''results''' as well (midyear result, final result, etc.), therefore it is true to name those words synonym of each other.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms3d

2013-04-02T21:16:42Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. You can use '''data''' to get results - for example if you have a sample from Area 51 - but it is not the same as the result itself. One more try?
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms3c

2013-04-02T21:16:28Z

VerenaS:

'''Well done!''' 
Yes, if you think about the '''results''' of your diet, you are awaiting a huge '''outcome'''... or maybe, a small one, that lies in the eye of the beholder. However, those two words are synonyms. That will never change.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms3b

2013-04-02T21:16:22Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''cause''' is the starting point, it always has to have an effect - that's the result. Maybe you can find the right answer now?
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms3a

2013-04-02T21:16:13Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Unfortunately, you can only make a '''decision''' that ''leads'' to a result but you cannot say that these two words mean the same. Come on, have a new try! It's easier than you think!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms2e

2013-04-02T21:15:43Z

VerenaS:

'''''Sorry, you got mixed up!''''' 
Yes, we can interpret '''mite''' as the little animals living in the fur of our pets or inside our featherbeds but in this case, '''mite''' and '''spider''' belong to the same part of a scale. They both belong to the family of arachnida. So come one, make another educative guess!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms2d

2013-04-02T21:15:34Z

VerenaS:

'''''Perfect!''''' 
As '''melt''' can also be described as ''fluid lava'', you can easily define '''glacier''' as its antonym. Good that ice and fire do not encounter that often!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms2c

2013-04-02T21:15:26Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Your answer is correct. '''Mite''' can be seen as a really small amount of something whereas '''bulk''' is something truly big. Therefore, the two words can be interpreted as antonyms, they mean different things on the same scale.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms2b

2013-04-02T21:15:10Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Actually, '''to tend'' could be associated with '''mite'' but they are not opposed to each other. Therefore, no antonyms, I'm sorry.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms2a

2013-04-02T21:15:02Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''mite''' could be considered '''weak'''in comparison to other words but the words are no real antonyms. Try again, you're getting better!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms2e

2013-04-02T21:14:40Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. What you thought of, was '''referee''', the man or woman who supervises football matches or other sport events. Unfortunately, it is no synonym of '''reverie'''.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms2d

2013-04-02T21:14:30Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. If a '''reverie''' is really absurd and contains of bizarre and obscure elements, one can definitely call it a '''curio''' but unfortunately, the two words are no synonyms. Try again, nothing's impossible!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms2c

2013-04-02T21:14:22Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Congratulation, you chose the correct answer! '''Reverie''' is a synonym of 'daydream'. The word itself has its origins in the French verb ''''rêver'''' (to dream). Wonderful!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms2b

2013-04-02T21:14:14Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''phantom''' can surely be part of a '''reverie''' but the two words do not mean the same. Come one, take a closer look!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms2a

2013-04-02T21:14:06Z

VerenaS:

'''Incorrect!''' 
Sorry, your answer is wrong. A '''palimpsest''' is a medieval page of manuskript and has therefore nothing to do with '''reverie'''. Please try again! 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms1e

2013-04-02T21:13:43Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Competition and '''sport''' ''do'' belong together but they do not mean the same. Think again, my friend!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms1d

2013-04-02T21:13:32Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. There can be competition within a '''team''' but unless it is not absolute on a sportive level, it should not be part of a team. Therefore, you should think the question over, we know you can do it!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms1c

2013-04-02T21:13:23Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfect!''' 
You picked the right answer, competition and '''cooperation''' are very far from each other away. Sometimes, they can be united but most of the time, you're either a team player or a social Darwinist. Insurmountable differences!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms1b

2013-04-02T21:13:14Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. If something is '''unified''', it is put together, everything is equal with no exceptions. Unfortunately, that's a totally different meaning in comparison to competition.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Antonyms1a

2013-04-02T21:13:02Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. '''Competition''' and '''contest''' are ''synonyms'', not antonyms. That was the wrong phenomenon, try again!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms1e

2013-04-02T21:12:37Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfect!''' 
You're right, an '''ambassador''' is the '''representative''' of his country in a foreign nation. Therefore, these two words are synonyms.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms1d

2013-04-02T21:12:27Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Well, a '''general''' is a rather close guess but also the ambassador and are working for the same camp, they are positioned in different places. This man is rather hard and fast than sophisticated and looking for a loophole. Take another look, it's not that difficult!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms1c

2013-04-02T21:12:16Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. '''Refugees''' truly like embassies but that does not qualify them to be ambassadors. They rather want shelter and safety. Try again, it's not that hard.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms1b

2013-04-02T21:11:50Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Of course, an ambassador can be - literally spoken - a '''combatant''' but he is '''not''' fighting in the front line of a real war with real weapons. His responsibilites lie more in fighting with words. Take a second look, you can make it!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

Synonyms1a

2013-04-02T21:11:37Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''revolt''' is a synonym for ''rebellion'' but '''not''' for ambassador. You have to take a second look!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Part_2_-_Antonyms_and_Synonyms'''Back to test section 'Synonyms and Antonyms'!''']

NMTS-Group2

2013-04-02T21:10:21Z

VerenaS: /* Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]
* [[Antonymy|Antonymy]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
'''In this section, you have to choose which word is a synonym or antonym of the above. As you're doing a multiple-choice test, please remember that more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!''' 
 
 
'''1.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'ambassador'?''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
 
'''1.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'competition'?''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
 
'''2.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'reverie'?''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
 
'''2.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'mite'?''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
 
'''3.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'result'?''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 
'''3.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'reality'?''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

NMTS-Group2

2013-04-02T21:10:03Z

VerenaS: /* Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]
* [[Antonymy|Antonymy]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
'''In this section, you have to choose which word is a synonym or antonym of the above. As you're doing a multiple-choice test, please remember that more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!''' 
 
 
'''1.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'ambassador'?''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
 
'''1.b)Which is the best antonym match for 'competition'?''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
 
'''2.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'reverie'?''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
 
'''2.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'mite'?''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
 
'''3.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'result'?''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 
'''3.b) Which is the best antonym match for 'reality'?''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

NMTS-Group2

2013-04-02T21:09:36Z

VerenaS: /* Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]
* [[Antonymy|Antonymy]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
'''In this section, you have to choose which word is a synonym or antonym of the above. As you're doing a multiple-choice test, please remember that more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!''' 
 
 
'''1.a) Which answer is a correct synonym for 'ambassador'?''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
 
'''1.b)Which is the best antonym match for 'competition'?''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
 
'''2. Which answer is a correct synonym for 'reverie'?''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
 
'''2. Which is the best antonym match for 'mite'?''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
 
'''3. Which answer is a correct synonym for 'result'?''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 
'''3. Which is the best antonym match for 'reality'?''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

Glossary:Coordinated Antonymy

2013-03-27T17:26:44Z

VerenaS: /* General definition */

=Coordinated antonymy=

The second biggest subgroup of antonyms that forms - together with ancillary antonymy - two thirds of antonym occurences.

==Pronounciation==
/kəʊˈɔː(r)dɪneɪtɪt ˈæntənɪmi/

==General definition==
'''Coordinated antonymy''' indicates the exclusiveness of a scale. It is expressed through antonyms on both sides of the conjunction, entailing that what is true for the one side is also true for the other. In contrast to ancillary antonyms, coordinated antonymy does '''not''' create dichotomies.

==General pattern==
There is no general pattern.

===Example===
Abe (2;8): I wanna play with my '''big''' cars and my '''little''' cars.

==References==
* Jones, Stephen; Murphy, M. Lynne (2005). ''Using corpora to investigate antonym acquisition.'' International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10:3. John Benjamin Publishing Company.
* Murphy, M. Lynne; Jones, Stephen (2008 November). ''Antonyms in children's and child-directed speech''. First language 28 (4[87]).

==Linked Pages==

* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms]]

Antonyms2e

2013-03-27T16:28:31Z

VerenaS:

'''''Sorry, you got mixed up!''''' 
Yes, we can interpret '''mite''' as the little animals living in the fur of our pets or inside our featherbeds but in this case, '''mite''' and '''spider''' belong to the same part of a scale. They both belong to the family of arachnida. So come one, make another educative guess!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Antonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Antonyms''']

NMTS-Group2

2013-03-27T16:26:04Z

VerenaS: /* Antonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
===Synonyms===
'''Choose the best synonym for the following words:''' 
 
'''1. ambassador''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
'''2. reverie''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
'''3. result''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 

===Antonyms===
'''Now, it's time for antonyms! Look for the best match for the following:''' 
 
'''1. competition''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
'''2. mite''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
'''3. reality''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

NMTS-Group2

2013-03-27T16:22:40Z

VerenaS: /* Antonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
===Synonyms===
'''Choose the best synonym for the following words:''' 
 
'''1. ambassador''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
'''2. reverie''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
'''3. result''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 

===Antonyms===
'''Now, it's time for antonyms! Look for the best match for the following:''' 
 
'''1. competition''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
'''2. mite''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) insecticide 
 
'''3. reality''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

Antonyms2c

2013-03-27T16:21:37Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Your answer is correct. '''Mite''' can be seen as a really small amount of something whereas '''bulk''' is something truly big. Therefore, the two words can be interpreted as antonyms, they mean different things on the same scale.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Antonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Antonyms''']

Antonyms2c

2013-03-27T16:21:24Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Your answer is correct. '''Mite'''can be seen as a really small amount of something whereas '''bulk''' is something truly big. Therefore, the two words can be interpreted as antonyms, they mean different things on the same scale.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Antonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Antonyms''']

Antonyms2b

2013-03-27T16:19:22Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. Actually, '''to tend'' could be associated with '''mite'' but they are not opposed to each other. Therefore, no antonyms, I'm sorry.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Antonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Antonyms''']

Antonyms2a

2013-03-27T16:17:51Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''mite''' could be considered '''weak'''in comparison to other words but the words are no real antonyms. Try again, you're getting better!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Antonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Antonyms''']

NMTS-Group2

2013-03-27T16:16:22Z

VerenaS: /* Antonyms */

{{MaterialUnderConstruction}}

(Back to the [[NMTS_Meeting_2#Groups|group overview]])

= Wikipage of Group 2 =

=== Comments by the NMTS team ===

* Whiteboard Material fehlt
* Glossary entry: Homophony: complete bibliogr. reference;
* Glossary entry: Contradiction: complete bibliogr. reference; definition - maybe alter for a slightly better wording. Instead of "A relationship between sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of another sentence." -> "A relationship between TWO sentences wherein the truth of one sentence requires the falsity of THE other sentence."

== Overview ==

=== Members ===
* [[User:Anna| Anna]]
* [[User:Katarzyna| Katarzyna]]
* [[User:VerenaS| Verena]]
* [[User:Ulrike| Ulrike]]

=== Short description of the topic ===
Our aim is to enlighten the subject of semantic relations. What is a synonym? How can we distinguish polysemy and homonymy? Why are ''alive'' and ''dead'' complements and not truly antonyms? Those are the questions we want to answer by producing guides and excercises for future students and all those who never understood semantic relations.

== References and links ==

=== References ===


* Cann, R.; Ruth Kempson; Eleni Gregoromichelaki (2009). ''Semantics - an introduction to meaning in language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Murphy, M. Lynne. (2003). ''Semantic relations and the lexicon : antonymy, synonymy and other paradigms.'' Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Lyons, J. (1983). ''Semantik 2.'' München: Beck.

=== Links ===
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|'''contradiction''']]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|'''complementarity''']]
* [[Glossary:Antonym|'''antonymy''']]
* [[Glossary:Ambiguity|'''ambiguity''']]
* [[Glossary:Homograph|'''homograph''']]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|'''homonym''']]
* [[Glossary:Homophony|'''homophony''']]
* [[Glossary:Hyponym|'''hyponym''']]
* [[Glossary:Heteronym|'''heteronym''']]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|'''hypernym''']]
* [[Glossary:Meronymy|'''meronymy''']]

* [http://www.generalsemantics.org/the-general-semantics-learning-center/online-library/ General Semantics Learning Center]
* [http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm A general overview, granted by Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi]
* [http://wordnet.princeton.edu/wordnet WordNet, granted by the Princeton Univesity (By clicking on 'browser', you have access to a highly dense database of English words, all saved with a full descirption of their semantic relation)]
* [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:R0w5v3AX6AAJ:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.78.3207%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf+&hl=de&gl=de&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgYPzXUmcUVgkYs9xooiuBtSsxzBHUkpEj41EH_Kj4xikKg1Zbu65ZPXWlVhrrylOFDM8QTfh3Wx_Dh7RhvxfgdNXtrtAC45ABfEokMZyIP6W5lrtwpUKLNSoxZgzr83AKyNFYk&sig=AHIEtbRWCUU1M7MkujPK8FGFBQjN5uuuNQ Understanding Semantic Relations by Veda C. Storey]

=== Links with non-scientific background (please handle with care) ===
* [http://www.synonym.com/antonym/ Antonym Finder, can also be used for synonyms and definitions]
* [http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/synonyms-antonyms.htm A good page to illustrate the difference between synonym and antonyms (with examples)]

= Our e-learning objects =

== Our wiki pages ==

* [[Glossary:Homophony|homophony (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:contradiction|contradiction (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Complementarity|complementarity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Hypernym|hypernym (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Ancillary_Antonymy|Ancillary Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Comparative_Antonymy|Comparative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Coordinated_Antonymy|Coordinated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Distinguished_Antonymy|Distinguished Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Interrogative_Antonymy|Interrogative Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Negated_Antonymy|Negated Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Transitional_Antonymy|Transitional Antonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Residual_Antonyms|Residual Antonyms (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Syllogism|Syllogism]]

== Our podcasts ==

<mediaplayer>http://youtu.be/M7pvAmLtOSk</mediaplayer>
 
Three minutes about '''homonymy''': Definition, differences between homophones and homographs and some short examples to test your knowledge. Can you give the correct answer on every question?

 
'''Background music:''' ''Yann Tiersen - Comptine d'un autre été''

== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our pictures ==

<gallery>
File:Anna.jpg|Anna
File:Katarzyna.jpg|Katarzyna
File:VerenaSinkel.jpg|Verena
File:UlrikeH.jpg|Ulrike

</gallery>

=Test yourself=

The following questions are all about certain category groups within basic semantic relation - either between words or between sentences. Choose your answer wisely as more than one answer could be correct. Good luck!

==Part 1 - Homophones==

'''Which of the following pairs are homophones? Click on the alphabetic character to check your answers and remember, multiple choice question means that there ''can be more than one'' right answer.''' 

[[Homophones1a| a]]) bight ''(curve in a coastline)'' - byte (unit of memory size) 
[[Homophones1b| b]]) bear ''(animal)'' – beer ''(alcoholic drink)'' 
[[Homophones1c| c]]) haw ''(fruit)''- hoar ''(venerable)'' 
[[Homophones1d| d]]) fawn ''(colour)'' – fawn ''(little roe deer)'' 
[[Homophones1e| e]]) read ''(present tense)'' - ''read (past tense)'' 
[[Homophones1f| f]]) heal ''(to cure)'' - he’ll ''(short form of he will)'' 
 
'''Now it's getting a bit hairier. Same question but the answers are not that easy any more...''' 
[[Homophones2a| a]]) personal pronoun - part of your face 
[[Homophones2b| b]]) to bend down - ribbon 
[[Homophones2c| c]]) to clean very intensely - someone from Poland 
[[Homophones2d| d]]) past tense of 'to eat' – one-digit number 
[[Homophones2e| e]]) sound of a dog – skin of a tree 
[[Homophones2f| f]]) nearby - to shut 
Comment: I like the audio examples in your solutions!

==Part 2 - Antonyms and Synonyms==
===Synonyms===
'''Choose the best synonym for the following words:''' 
 
'''1. ambassador''' 
[[Synonyms1a| a]]) revolt 
[[Synonyms1b| b]]) combatant 
[[Synonyms1c| c]]) refugee 
[[Synonyms1d| d]]) general 
[[Synonyms1e| e]]) representative 
 
'''2. reverie''' 
[[Synonyms2a| a]]) palimpsest 
[[Synonyms2b| b]]) phantom 
[[Synonyms2c| c]]) daydream 
[[Synonyms2d| d]]) curio 
[[Synonyms2e| e]]) arbitrator 
 
'''3. result''' 
[[Synonyms3a| a]]) decision 
[[Synonyms3b| b]]) cause 
[[Synonyms3c| c]]) outcome 
[[Synonyms3d| d]]) data 
[[Synonyms3e| e]]) grade 
 
 

===Antonyms===
'''Now, it's time for antonyms! Look for the best match for the following:''' 
 
'''1. competition''' 
[[Antonyms1a| a]]) contest 
[[Antonyms1b| b]]) unification 
[[Antonyms1c| c]]) cooperation 
[[Antonyms1d| d]]) team 
[[Antonyms1e| e]]) sport 
 
'''2. mite''' 
[[Antonyms2a| a]]) weakness 
[[Antonyms2b| b]]) tend 
[[Antonyms2c| c]]) bulk 
[[Antonyms2d| d]]) drive 
[[Antonyms2e| e]]) spider 
 
'''3. reality''' 
[[Antonyms3a| a]]) dream 
[[Antonyms3b| b]]) play 
[[Antonyms3c| c]]) reaction 
[[Antonyms3d| d]]) fiction 
[[Antonyms3e| e]]) fantasy 
 

==Part 3 - Relations between sentences==

'''This time, your task is a bit more based on your personal knowledge of semantics. You get 8 sentences, each part of a special kind of semantic relation. Can you describe the semantic relationship expressed by each of the following sentences? For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse. 

''(Hint: 3x contradiction, 3x entailment, and 2 paraphrase)'' 
 
 
1. My brother married a doctor. My male sibling joined in wedlock with a physician. 

 paraphrase, '''Easy one, right?''' 
The last sentence contains all the information of the first one; you only have to translate it into colloquial English. I told you, that it wasn’t so complicated! 

2. Vera has only one dog. Vera’s dogs are called Bert and Oscar. 

 '''Great!''' This is contradiction. 

3. My husband keeps forgetting things. Thank God I'm a widow. 

 '''''Did you know it?''''' 
Of course, one cannot be a widow and at the same time complain about your husband still forgetting things. As long as you're not stuck in time and believe your deceased hsuband to be still alive, these sentences '''contradict each other''', right? 

4. Jane ate a piece of chicken. Jane ate a piece of poultry. 

 '''''Found the answer? '''''
Well, it wasn't that hard as you already had one example of '''entailment'''. ''Chicken'' is just a '''subcategory''' of ''poultry'', therefore Jane does not have any chance to not eat poultry when she enjoys a nice piece of chicken. Absolute impossible! 

5. Vera is an only child. Olga is Vera’s sister. 

 '''''Strike!''''' 
Another '''contradiction'''! You knew this before, right? Okay, let us summon it up: If you have a sister, you cannot be an only child. 

6. I saw Mary at the anniversary party. It was Mary that I saw at the anniversary party. 

 '''''Another light question, don't you think? '''''
The second sentence is the paraphrase of the first one. We just change the active sentence into the passive one! 

7. Othello killed Desdemona. Desdemona died. 

 '''''What's your result?''''' 
For us, that's an '''entailment''' as the death of Desdemona is only an effect of Othello killing her. One sentence causes the other, correct?

Synonyms2e

2013-03-27T16:13:28Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. What you thought of, was '''referee''', the man or woman who supervises football matches or other sport events. Unfortunately, it is no synonym of '''reverie'''.
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2d

2013-03-27T16:11:44Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. If a '''reverie''' is really absurd and contains of bizarre and obscure elements, one can definitely call it a '''curio''' but unfortunately, the two words are no synonyms. Try again, nothing's impossible!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2c

2013-03-27T16:09:40Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Congratulation, you chose the correct answer! '''Reverie''' is a synonym of 'daydream'. The word itself has its origins in the French verb ''''rêver'''' (to dream). Wonderful!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2c

2013-03-27T16:09:16Z

VerenaS:

'''Perfekt!''' 
Congratulation, you chose the correct answer! '''Reverie''' is a synonym of 'daydream'. The word itself has its origins in the French '''rêver''' (to dream). Wonderful!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2a

2013-03-27T16:06:48Z

VerenaS:

'''Incorrect!''' 
Sorry, your answer is wrong. A '''palimpsest''' is a medieval page of manuskript and has therefore nothing to do with '''reverie'''. Please try again! 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2b

2013-03-27T16:06:05Z

VerenaS:

'''Sorry!''' 
Your answer is incorrect. A '''phantom''' can surely be part of a '''reverie''' but the two words do not mean the same. Come one, take a closer look!
 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']

Synonyms2a

2013-03-27T16:04:31Z

VerenaS:

'''Incorrect!''' 
Sorry, your answer is wrong. A ''palimpsest'' is a medieval page of manuskript and has therefore nothing to do with ''reverie''. Please try again! 
[http://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/NMTS-Group2#Synonyms '''Back to Part 2 - Synonyms''']