Mock exam, WiSe 2019/20 (Sailer) - Revision history

Manfred: /* Task 1: Ambiguity */

2020-03-05T15:46:55Z

Task 1: Ambiguity

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	referential ambiguity		referential ambiguity<br />
	Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''		Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''
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	scope ambiguity		scope ambiguity<br />
	Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''		Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''
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	collective-distributive ambiguity		collective-distributive ambiguity<br />
	Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''		Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''
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	structural ambiguity		structural ambiguity<br />
	Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''		Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''
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Manfred at 15:46, 5 March 2020

2020-03-05T15:46:20Z

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			referential ambiguity
	Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''		Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''
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			scope ambiguity
	Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''		Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''
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			collective-distributive ambiguity
	Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''		Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''
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			structural ambiguity
	Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''		Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''
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Manfred: /* Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) */

2020-02-04T01:10:25Z

Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points)

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	== Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) ==		== Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) ==

	What kind of semantic restriction is violated in the deviating forms of the following sentences? Give a reason for your decision.		What kind of semantic restriction is violated in the deviating forms of the following sentences? Give a reason for your decision
	# [Lady Macbeth’s madness]/#[The crazy queen] started after Duncan’s death.
			1. [Lady Macbeth’s madness]/#[The crazy queen] started after Duncan’s death.
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	The verb ''start'' requires that its subject argument be an event or a state, i.e. something that has temporal boundaries. An object or person, such as the Queen, cannot start. This version of the sentence is not interpretable. We find a violation of a sortal restriction in the second version of the example.		The verb ''start'' requires that its subject argument be an event or a state, i.e. something that has temporal boundaries. An object or person, such as the Queen, cannot start. This version of the sentence is not interpretable. We find a violation of a sortal restriction in the second version of the example.
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	# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].
			2. Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].
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	The verb ''kill'' typically requires that its direct object be a living entity, i.e. you can only ''kill'' people, animals, etc. This restriction is satisfied in the first version of the sentence. But one cannot really kill abstract properties such as one's ''honorableness''. However, we can make sense out of the sentence: At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a very honorable man. In the course of the play, however, he becomes more and more vicious and obsessed by power and fear that he loses all his honorableness by his own acts. In this sense, we can say that he "kills" his honorability. As we can interpret the		The verb ''kill'' typically requires that its direct object be a living entity, i.e. you can only ''kill'' people, animals, etc. This restriction is satisfied in the first version of the sentence. But one cannot really kill abstract properties such as one's ''honorableness''. However, we can make sense out of the sentence: At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a very honorable man. In the course of the play, however, he becomes more and more vicious and obsessed by power and fear that he loses all his honorableness by his own acts. In this sense, we can say that he "kills" his honorability. As we can interpret the
	</div></div>		</div></div>


	<hr>		<hr>
	Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]		Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]

Manfred: /* Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) */

2020-02-04T01:09:55Z

Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points)

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	The verb ''start'' requires that its subject argument be an event or a state, i.e. something that has temporal boundaries. An object or person, such as the Queen, cannot start. We find a violation of a sortal restriction in the second version of the example~~. This version of the sentence is not interpretable~~.		The verb ''start'' requires that its subject argument be an event or a state, i.e. something that has temporal boundaries. An object or person, such as the Queen, cannot start. This version of the sentence is not interpretable. We find a violation of a sortal restriction in the second version of the example.
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	# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].		# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].
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			The verb ''kill'' typically requires that its direct object be a living entity, i.e. you can only ''kill'' people, animals, etc. This restriction is satisfied in the first version of the sentence. But one cannot really kill abstract properties such as one's ''honorableness''. However, we can make sense out of the sentence: At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is a very honorable man. In the course of the play, however, he becomes more and more vicious and obsessed by power and fear that he loses all his honorableness by his own acts. In this sense, we can say that he "kills" his honorability. As we can interpret the
	</div></div>		</div></div>

	<hr>		<hr>
	Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]		Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]

Manfred: /* Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) */

2020-02-04T01:04:57Z

Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points)

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			The verb ''start'' requires that its subject argument be an event or a state, i.e. something that has temporal boundaries. An object or person, such as the Queen, cannot start. We find a violation of a sortal restriction in the second version of the example. This version of the sentence is not interpretable.
	</div></div>		</div></div>
	# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].		# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].

Manfred: /* Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) */

2020-02-04T01:01:52Z

Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points)

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	What kind of semantic restriction is violated in the deviating forms of the following sentences? Give a reason for your decision.		What kind of semantic restriction is violated in the deviating forms of the following sentences? Give a reason for your decision.
	# [Lady Macbeth’s madness]/#[The crazy queen] started after Duncan’s death.		# [Lady Macbeth’s madness]/#[The crazy queen] started after Duncan’s death.
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
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			</div></div>
	# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].		# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
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			</div></div>

	<hr>		<hr>
	Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]		Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]

Manfred: /* Task 10: Linking */

2020-02-04T01:00:42Z

Task 10: Linking

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			== Task 11: Local semantic phenomena (3 points) ==

			What kind of semantic restriction is violated in the deviating forms of the following sentences? Give a reason for your decision.
			# [Lady Macbeth’s madness]/#[The crazy queen] started after Duncan’s death.
			# Macbeth killed [the king]/?[his honourableness].


	<hr>		<hr>
	Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]		Back to [[Semantics_1,_WiSe_2018/19_(Sailer)\|the course page!]]

Manfred at 00:46, 4 February 2020

2020-02-04T00:46:10Z

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	The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].		The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].

	We will use the TV series '''Friends''' for the final exam this term.		We will use the TV series ''Friends'' for the final exam this term.

Manfred at 00:45, 4 February 2020

2020-02-04T00:45:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 4 February 2020
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	The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].		The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].

	We will use ~~J.K. Rowling~~'s ''~~Harry Potter~~'' ~~novels~~ for the final exam this term.		We will use the TV series '''Friends''' for the final exam this term.

Manfred: Created page with "The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg]. We w..."

2020-02-04T00:45:16Z

Created page with "The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg]. We w..."

New page

The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].

We will use J.K. Rowling's ''Harry Potter'' novels for the final exam this term.

== Task 1: Ambiguity ==

Consider the following ambiguous sentences.
For '''each''' of them, provide an unambiguous paraphrase for the possible readings.

(1)
a. Duncan trusted Macbeth because he was a thane.
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Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''
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b. Every king trusts a thane.
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Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''
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b. Macbeth and Macduff are married.
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Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''
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b. Macbeth killed a king with a dagger.
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Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''
</div></div>

== Task 2: Model and Interpretation ==



1. Define a universe that consists of Macbeth and Banquo.
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''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }
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2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.
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I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''
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3. Define the interpretation of the properties '''thane'''<sub>1</sub>, '''king'''<sub>1</sub>,
and '''witch'''<sub>1</sub> is such a way that Macbeth is a king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.
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I('''thane'''<sub>1</sub>) = {<''Macbeth''>, <''Banquo''>},<br /> I('''king'''<sub>1</sub>) = {<''Macbeth''>},<br /> I('''witch'''<sub>1</sub>) = {}
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4. Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub> and '''kill'''<sub>2</sub> in such a way that Macbeth and Banquo mistrust each other and Macbeth kills Banquo.
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I('''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>) = {<''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Mactbeth''>},<br /> I('''kill'''<sub>2</sub>) = {<''Macbeth'',''Banquo''>}
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== Task 3: Formulae ==

Write down logical formulae that express the meaning of the following sentences.

1. Banquo is a thane.
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'''thane'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''')
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2. Macbeth is king and Macbeth mistrusts Banquo.
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'''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''macbeth''') &and; '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
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3. If Banquo is king then Macbeth does not kill Banquo.
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'''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''') ⊃ ¬ '''kill'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
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== Task 4: Interpreting formulae ==

Compute the interpretation of the following formulæ step by step.

1. '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''macbeth''')
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[[<nowiki />'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''macbeth''')]] = ''1'' <br> iff < [[<nowiki />'''macbeth''']], [[<nowiki />'''macbeth''']] > is in [[<nowiki />'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>]] <br> iff < I('''macbeth'''), I('''macbeth''') > in I('''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>) <br> iff < ''Macbeth'', ''Macbeth'' > in { <''x'',''y''> | ''x'' mistrusts ''y'' } = { <''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Macbeth''> }

Since this is not the case, [[<nowiki />'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''macbeth''')]] = ''0''.
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2. ¬'''king'''('''banquo''')
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[[<nowiki />¬ '''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''')]] = ''1'' <br>iff [[<nowiki />'''king'''('''banquo''')]] = ''0'' <br>iff < [[<nowiki />'''banquo''']]> is not in [[<nowiki />'''king'''<sub>1</sub>]]<br> iff < I('''banquo'''> is not in I('''king'''<sub>1</sub>) <br>iff < ''Banquo'' > is not in { <''x''> | ''x'' is king } = { <''Macbeth''>}

Since this is the case, [[<nowiki />¬ '''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''')]] = ''1''
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3. '''witch'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''') ⊃ '''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''macbeth''')
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[[<nowiki />'''witch'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''') ⊃ '''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''macbeth'''))]] = ''1''<br>iff [[<nowiki />'''witch'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''')]] = ''0'' or [[<nowiki />'''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''macbeth''') = ''1'' <br> iff < [[<nowiki />'''banquo''']] > is not in [[<nowiki />'''witch'''<sub>1</sub>]] or < [[<nowiki />'''macbeth''']] > is in [[<nowiki />'''king'''<sub>1</sub>]] <br> iff < I('''banquo''') > is not in I('''witch'''<sub>1</sub>) or < I('''macbeth''') > is in I('''king'''<sub>1</sub>) <br> iff < ''Banquo'' > is not in { <''x''> | ''x'' is a witch} = { } or < ''Macbeth'' > is in { <''x''> | ''x'' is king} = { <''Macbeth''>}.

Since both are the case, [[<nowiki />'''witch'''<sub>1</sub>('''banquo''') ⊃ '''king'''<sub>1</sub>('''macbeth'''))]] = ''1''.
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== Task 5: Variables ==

Provide a g-function that maps the variables ''x'', ''y'', and ''z'' to individuals from the universe and compute
the interpretation of the following formula with respect to the model and your g.

(i) '''kill'''<sub>2</sub>(''z'',''x'')

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Example solution (other values for g are equally possible).

g(''x'') = ''Macbeth'',<br>g(''y'') = ''Banquo'',<br>g(''z'') = ''Banquo''.

With this variable assignment we can compute the truth value of the formula:

[[<nowiki />'''kill'''<sub>2</sub>(''z'',''x'')]]<sup>g</sup> = ''1''<br>iff < [[<nowiki />''z'']]<sup>g</sup>, [[<nowiki />''x'']]<sup>g</sup> > is in [[<nowiki />'''kill'''<sub>2</sub>]]<sup>g</sup><br>iff < g(''z''), g(''x'') > is in I('''kill'''<sub>2</sub>)<br>iff < ''Banquo'', ''Macbeth'' > is in { <''x'',''y''> | ''x'' killed ''y''} = { <''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''> }.

Since this is not the case, [[<nowiki />'''kill'''<sub>2</sub>(''z'',''x'')]]<sup>g</sup> = ''0''.
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== Task 6: Quantifiers ==

Provide logical formulae that expresse the meaning of the following sentences. Are the formulae true in
your model (not in the entire play)? Give a short reason (you don’t need to compute the truth value).

1. Banquo was killed by a king.
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∃''x'' ('''king'''(''x'') : '''kill'''(''x'', '''banquo'''))

The formula is true in my model, because there is only one king, Macbeth, and Macbeth killed Banquo.<br>(Note: The English sentence is in passive, but this has no effect on the logical form.)
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2. Macbeth mistrusts every witch.
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∀''x'' ('''witch'''(''x'') : '''mistrust'''('''macbeth''', ''x''))

The formula is true in my model, because there are no witches in my model. Therefore, the formula with the universal quantifier is trivially true.
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== Task 7: Analysis: Syntactic structure and semantic combinatorics (15 points) ==

Provide the syntactic structure of the sentence ''Banquo mistrusted Macbeth''. Indicate all the values for all features at each node in the tree.<br>
'''Note:''' There is no linking information in this task!!!

Use the features PHON, HEAD, SUBJ, SPR, COMPS, and PARTS.



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Tree structure:

[[File:Tree-BanquoMistrustedMacbeth.jpg]]

{|
|
|''Banquo''
|''mistrusted''
|''Macbeth''
|-
|
| [1]
|
| [2]
|-
|PHON
| < [4] ''Banquo'' >
| < [5] ''mistrusted'' >
|< [6] ''Macbeth'' >
|-
|HEAD
| ''noun''
| [3] ''verb''
|''noun''
|-
|SUBJ
| < >
| < [1] NP >
|< >
|-
|SPR
| < >
| < >
|< >
|-
|COMPS
| < >
| < [2] NP >
|< >
|-
|PARTS
| <'''banquo''' > 
| <'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>, _(_,_) >  
|<'''macbeth''' >
|-
|}

{|
|
|VP: ''mistrusted M.''
|S: ''B. mistrusted M.''
|-
|PHON
| < [5], [6] > 
| < [4], [5], [6] > 
|-
|HEAD
|  [3] 
|  [3] 
|-
|SUBJ
| < [1] NP>
| < >
|-
|SPR
| < >
| < >
|-
|COMPS
| < >
| < >
|-
|PARTS
| <'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>, _(_,_) ,  
| <'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>, _(_,_),
|-
|
|  '''macbeth''' >
|  '''macbeth''', '''banquo''' >
|}

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== Task 8: General mechanisms of LRS ==

1. Enumerate all possible logical forms that would be compatible with the PARTS lists of the sentence form Task 8.
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There are two possible logical forms: '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''banquo''','''macbeth''') and '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
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2. Use the PARTS value from Task 8 to show that the following expressions are excluded as possible logical forms of the sentence.

(a) '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''banquo''','''banquo''')

(b) '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''banquo''','''banquo''')

(c) '''macbeth'''('''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>,'''banquo''')

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(a) The expression cannot be a possible logical form, because it is not a well-formed formula: the predicate '''mistrust''' can only combine with two arguments, not with three. (This is indicated with the element '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>(...,...).

(b) The formula does not use all expressions from the PARTS list: the expression '''macbeth''' is missing.

(c) '''macbeth''' denotes an individual , '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub> is a predicate. Therefore, '''macbeth''' cannot function as predicate, not can '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub> function as its argument.



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== Task 10: Linking ==

Provide the full lexical entry of the verb from the sentence in Task 7 in such a way that it includes the '''linking information'''.
Show that this will leave us only with the intended reading of the sentence.

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PHON < ''mistrusted'' ><br>
HEAD ''verb''<br>
SUBJ < NP[DR [a] ] ><br>
SPR < ><br>
COMPS < NP[DR [b] ] ><br>
DR [c]<br>
PARTS < [c]'''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>, [c]([a],[b]) >

* The verb specifies that (i) DR value of the element on its COMPS list must occur as the second argument of the predicate '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>, and (ii) that the DR value of the element on its SUBJ list must occur as the first argument of this predicate.
* The constraint on head-complement combinations ensures that the non-head daughter is identical with the element on the head daughter's COMPS list. In our case, this means that the NP ''Macbeth'' is on the verb's COMPS list. Consequently, this NP's DR value, the name symbol '''macbeth''' needs to occur as the second argument of the predicate '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>.
* Analoguously, constraint on head-subject combinations ensures that the non-head daughter is identical with the element on the head daughter's SUBJ list. In our case, this means that the NP ''Banquo'' is on the VP's SUBJ list. As the SUBJ list of a VP and its head daughter, the verb ''mistrusted'' are identical, the noun ''Banquo'' is on the verb's SUBJ list. <br>Consequently, this NP's DR value, the name symbol '''banquo''' needs to occur as the first argument of the predicate '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>.
* Only the formula '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''banquo''','''macbeth''') satisfies the linking constraint.
The reading '''mistrust'''<sub>2</sub>('''macbeth''','''banquo''') is excluded because the syntactic arguments are not associated with the required semantic argumets as described above.

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