Semantics 1, SoSe 2014 - Revision history

Manfred: Replaced content with "Material for the seminar ''Semantics 1'', summer term 2014, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M. * Mock exam with solutions * [[Semanti..."

2014-07-04T07:42:08Z

Replaced content with "Material for the seminar ''Semantics 1'', summer term 2014, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M. * Mock exam with solutions * [[Semanti..."

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:42, 4 July 2014
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	* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Mock exam\|Mock exam with solutions]]		* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Mock exam\|Mock exam with solutions]]
	* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Wiki-based term papers\|Wiki-based term papers]]		* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Wiki-based term papers\|Wiki-based term papers]]


	~~Mock exam file: [[File:mock-exam-sose14.pdf]]~~

	~~The examples in the text are based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. The full text of the play is available on [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2264 Projekt Gutenberg].~~

	~~=== Task 1: Ambiguity ===~~

	~~Consider the following ambiguous sentences.~~
	~~# For '''each''' of these, determine the type of ambiguity.~~
	~~# Provide an unambiguous paraphrase for the possible readings.~~

	~~(1)~~
	~~a. Duncan trusted Macbeth because he was a thane.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~# Type of ambiguity: referential ambiguity~~
	# Reading 1: ''he'' refers to ''Macbeth''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Macbeth was a thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''he'' refers to ''Duncan''. Paraphrase: ''Duncan trusted Macbeth because Duncan was a thane.''
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~b. Every king trusts a thane.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~# Type of ambiguity: scope ambiguity~~
	# Reading 1: ''every'' takes scope over ''a''. Paraphrase: ''For every king there is at least one thane such that the king trusts that thane.''<br />Reading 2: ''a'' takes scope over ''every''. Paraphrase: ''There is one particular thane such that each king trusts this thane.''
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~b. Macbeth and Macduff are married.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~# Type of ambiguity: collective-distributive ambiguity~~
	# Reading 1: collective reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are married to each other''<br />Reading 2: distributive reading. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth and Macduff are both married, but not to each other.''
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~b. Macbeth killed a king with a dagger.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~# Type of ambiguity: structural ambiguity~~
	# Reading 1: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the verb ''kill'' Paraphrase: ''Macbeth used a dagger to kill a king.''<br />Reading 2: the PP ''with a dagger'' is a modifier of the noun ''king''. Paraphrase: ''Macbeth killed a king who had a dagger.''
	~~</div></div>~~


	~~=== Task 2: Model and Interpretation ===~~

	~~(Note: For this task you do not need to use the functional notation~~
	~~and the types)~~

	~~1. Define a universe that consists of Macbeth and Banquo.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~3. Define the interpretation of the properties '''thane''', '''king''',~~
	~~and '''witch''' is such a way that Macbeth is a king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~I('''thane''') = {''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''},<br /> I('''king''') = {''Macbeth''},<br /> I('''witch''') = {}~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~4. Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations '''mistrust''' and '''kill''' in such a way that Macbeth and Banquo mistrust each other and Macbeth kills Banquo.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~I('''mistrust''') = {<''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Mactbeth''>},<br /> I('''kill''') = {<''Macbeth'',''Banquo''}~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~=== Task 3: Formulae ===~~

	~~Write down logical formulae that express the meaning of the following sentences.~~

	~~1. Banquo is a thane.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~'''thane'''('''banquo''')~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~2. Macbeth is king and Macbeth mistrusts Banquo.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~'''king'''('''macbeth''') &and; '''mistrust'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')~~
	~~</div></div>~~

	~~3. If Banquo is king then Macbeth does not kill Banquo.~~
	~~<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">~~
	~~Check your answer~~
	~~<div class="mw-collapsible-content">~~
	~~'''king'''('''banquo''') ⊃ ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')~~
	~~</div></div>~~

Manfred at 07:40, 4 July 2014

2014-07-04T07:40:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:40, 4 July 2014
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	Material for the seminar ''Semantics 1'', summer term 2014, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M.		Material for the seminar ''Semantics 1'', summer term 2014, Goethe University, Frankfurt a.M.

			* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Mock exam\|Mock exam with solutions]]
			* [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2014: Wiki-based term papers\|Wiki-based term papers]]


	Mock exam file: [[File:mock-exam-sose14.pdf]]		Mock exam file: [[File:mock-exam-sose14.pdf]]

Manfred: /* Task 3: Formulae */

2014-07-02T14:09:24Z

Task 3: Formulae

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 2 July 2014
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	Check your answer		Check your answer
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
	'''king'''('''banquo''') &~~subset~~; ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')		'''king'''('''banquo''') ⊃ ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
	</div></div>		</div></div>

Manfred: /* Task 3: Formulae */

2014-07-02T14:08:36Z

Task 3: Formulae

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 2 July 2014
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	Check your answer		Check your answer
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
	'''king'''('''banquo''') &~~imp~~; ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')		'''king'''('''banquo''') &subset; ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
	</div></div>		</div></div>

Manfred: /* Task 3: Formulae */

2014-07-02T14:08:15Z

Task 3: Formulae

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, 2 July 2014
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	</div></div>		</div></div>

	3. If Banquo is king then Macbeth does not kill Banquo. %3		3. If Banquo is king then Macbeth does not kill Banquo.
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			'''king'''('''banquo''') &imp; ¬ '''kill'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
			</div></div>

Manfred: /* Task 2: Model and Interpretation */

2014-07-02T14:07:23Z

Task 2: Model and Interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 2 July 2014
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	I('''mistrust''') = {<''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Mactbeth''>},<br /> I('''kill''') = {<''Macbeth'',''Banquo''}		I('''mistrust''') = {<''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Mactbeth''>},<br /> I('''kill''') = {<''Macbeth'',''Banquo''}
	</div></div>		</div></div>

			=== Task 3: Formulae ===

			Write down logical formulae that express the meaning of the following sentences.

			1. Banquo is a thane.
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			'''thane'''('''banquo''')
			</div></div>

			2. Macbeth is king and Macbeth mistrusts Banquo.
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			'''king'''('''macbeth''') &and; '''mistrust'''('''macbeth''','''banquo''')
			</div></div>

			3. If Banquo is king then Macbeth does not kill Banquo. %3

Manfred: /* Task 2: Model and Interpretation */

2014-07-02T14:03:03Z

Task 2: Model and Interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:03, 2 July 2014
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	3. Define the interpretation of the properties '''thane''', '''king''',		3. Define the interpretation of the properties '''thane''', '''king''',
	and '''witch''' is such a way that Macbeth is a		and '''witch''' is such a way that Macbeth is a king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.
	king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.
	<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">		<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
	Check your answer		Check your answer
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	</div></div>		</div></div>

	4. Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations		4. Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations '''mistrust''' and '''kill''' in such a way that Macbeth and Banquo mistrust each other and Macbeth kills Banquo.
	~~\co{~~mistrust} and ~~\co{~~kill} in such a way that Macbeth and		<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			I('''mistrust''') = {<''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''>, <''Banquo'', ''Mactbeth''>},<br /> I('''kill''') = {<''Macbeth'',''Banquo''}
			</div></div>

Manfred: /* Task 2: Model and Interpretation */

2014-07-02T14:01:00Z

Task 2: Model and Interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 2 July 2014
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	''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }		''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }
	</div></div>		</div></div>

	2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.		2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.
	<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">		<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
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	I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''		I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''
	</div></div>		</div></div>
	3 Define the interpretation of the properties ~~\co{~~thane}, ~~\co{~~king},
	~~%\co{be-on-a-quest}~~,		3. Define the interpretation of the properties '''thane''', '''king''',
	and ~~\co{~~witch} is such a way that Macbeth is a		and '''witch''' is such a way that Macbeth is a
	king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.		king, both are thanes and neither is a witch.
	~~%both are on a quest~~,		<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
	~~\item~~ Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations		Check your answer
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			I('''thane''') = {''Macbeth'', ''Banquo''},<br /> I('''king''') = {''Macbeth''},<br /> I('''witch''') = {}
			</div></div>

			4. Define the interpretation of the 2-place relations
	\co{mistrust} and \co{kill} in such a way that Macbeth and		\co{mistrust} and \co{kill} in such a way that Macbeth and

Manfred: /* Task 2: Model and Interpretation */

2014-07-02T13:58:50Z

Task 2: Model and Interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 2 July 2014
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	</div></div>		</div></div>
	2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.		2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your answer
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
	I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''		I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''

Manfred: /* Task 2: Model and Interpretation */

2014-07-02T13:58:23Z

Task 2: Model and Interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 2 July 2014
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	and the types)		and the types)

	# Define a universe that consists of Macbeth and Banquo.		1. Define a universe that consists of Macbeth and Banquo.
	<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">		<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
	Check your answer		Check your answer
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
	~~# Type of ambiguity: structural ambiguity~~		''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }
	# ''U'' = { ''Macbeth'', ''Banquo'' }
	</div></div>		</div></div>
	# Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.		2. Define the interpretation of the names '''macbeth''' and '''banquo''' in an intuitively plausible way.
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
	~~# Type of ambiguity: structural ambiguity~~		I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''
	# I('''macbeth''') = ''Macbeth'', <br /> I('''banquo''') = ''Banquo''
	</div></div>		</div></div>
	# Define the interpretation of the properties \co{thane}, \co{king},		3 Define the interpretation of the properties \co{thane}, \co{king},
	%\co{be-on-a-quest},		%\co{be-on-a-quest},
	and \co{witch} is such a way that Macbeth is a		and \co{witch} is such a way that Macbeth is a