SoSe25: Semantics 1 - Revision history

Manfred: /* Meeting 10 */

2025-07-15T23:43:15Z

Meeting 10

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:43, 15 July 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.


			= Meeting 12 =

			This video shows how argument linking is done in LRS.

			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">
			https://youtu.be/QaNQth6KpMA?feature=shared
			</embedvideo>

	= Meeting 10 =		= Meeting 10 =

Manfred: /* Meeting 9 */

2025-07-15T23:41:53Z

Meeting 9

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:41, 15 July 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.


			= Meeting 10 =

			This video illustrates the basic mechanism of the LRS combinatorics.

			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">
			https://youtu.be/5fgfXCt1lYc?feature=shared
			</embedvideo>

	= Meeting 9 =		= Meeting 9 =
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	</quiz>		</quiz>



	= Meeting 8 =		= Meeting 8 =

Manfred: /* Videos */

2025-06-18T05:36:41Z

Videos

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:36, 18 June 2025
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	</quiz>		</quiz>



	~~== Videos ==~~

Manfred: /* Meeting 8 */

2025-06-18T05:35:44Z

Meeting 8

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:35, 18 June 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.

			= Meeting 9 =

			== Videos ==

			This video shows which information is inside a lexcial entry.
			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">
			https://youtu.be/impaNluIyNM
			</embedvideo>

			The second video shows the HPSG analysis of two simple sentences (37'):
			::''Duncan died.'' (the first 18+ minutes)
			::''Macbeth killed Duncan.'' (the rest of the video)

			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">
			https://youtu.be/7lLWmA_cmy4
			</embedvideo>

			== Lexical entries as Attribute-Value Matrix ==

			Provide the required information on the lexical properties of the underlined words in the following sentences.<br>
			'''Note:'''
			* Put a minus ("-") if a slot should not receive any filling.
			* Write NP, PP, Det, VP into the valence lists, if such elements are selected.
			* Use ''det'', ''noun'', ''prep'' or ''verb'' for the HEAD values.

			<quiz display=simple>
			{Alex <u>read</u> a book yesterday.
			\|type="{}"}

			PHON { read _8 }<br>
			HEAD { verb _8 }<br>
			SUBJ < { NP _8 } ><br>
			SPR < { - _8} > <br>
			COMPS < { NP _8 } ><br>

			{Alex talked <u>to</u> a friend.
			\|type="{}"}

			PHON { to _8 }<br>
			HEAD { prep _8 }<br>
			SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
			SPR < { - _8 } > <br>
			COMPS < { NP _8 } ><br>


			{Pat liked this new <u>documentary</u> on African wild life.
			\|type="{}"}

			PHON { documentary _15 }<br>
			HEAD { noun _8 }<br>
			SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
			SSPR < { Det _8 } > <br>
			COMPS < { PP _8 } ><br>

			{<u>Alex</u> talked to a friend.
			\|type="{}"}

			PHON { Alex _8 }<br>
			HEAD { noun _8 }<br>
			SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
			SPR < { - _8 } > <br>
			COMPS < { - _8 } ><br>


			</quiz>

			{{FeedbackExercises}}

			== Analysis of simple sentences ==

			<quiz display=simple>
			{Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.
			\|type="{}"}

			''Alex snored.''

			syntactic structure: [[File:Tree-AlexSnored.jpeg\|300px]]


			Words:{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}         Phrase:
			''Alex''{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''snored'' {{TenSpaces}}     S: ''Alex snored.''
			HEAD [4]''noun''{{TenSpaces}}    HEAD [5]''verb''{{TenSpaces}}      HEAD { [5] _3 }
			SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}    SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}     SUBJ < { - _3 } >
			SPR   < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}    SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}      SPR < { - _3 } >
			COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } >

			</quiz>



			== Videos ==



	= Meeting 8 =		= Meeting 8 =

Manfred: /* Videos */

2025-06-10T21:48:09Z

Videos

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 10 June 2025
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	== Videos ==		== Videos ==

	~~Watch: <embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">https://youtu.be/5PRL23XcaFY</embedvideo>~~

	Watch the following video (33') on the basic step in a syntactic analysis as we need it in our course.		Watch the following video (33') on the basic step in a syntactic analysis as we need it in our course.
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	https://youtu.be/EDbaCAVgHUI		https://youtu.be/EDbaCAVgHUI
	</embedvideo>		</embedvideo>


	= Meeting 7 (4.6.2025) =		= Meeting 7 (4.6.2025) =

Manfred: /* Meeting 7 (4.6.2025) */

2025-06-10T21:47:09Z

Meeting 7 (4.6.2025)

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 Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.
 = Meeting 7 (4.6.2025) =
@@ Line 72: / Line 99: @@
 </div>
 </div>
 = Meeting 6 (28.5.2025) =

Manfred: /* Meeting 6 (28.5.2025) */

2025-06-04T08:13:33Z

Meeting 6 (28.5.2025)

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 4 June 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.

			= Meeting 7 (4.6.2025) =
			== Video ==

			Watch the following video on logical determiners:

			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/5PRL23XcaFY</embedvideo>
			<!-- old video with less optimal audio: http://youtu.be/b0iLejXP9C8 -->

			== Exercises ==

			After having watched the video, work on the following tasks.

			'''Task 1''' Identify the logical determiners in the following sentence.

			(a) Juliet talked to some stranger at the party.

			(b) Every Capulet is an enemy to some Montague.

			(c) Many people in Verona are not happy about the Capulet-Montague feud.

			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your solutions here:
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			(a) ''some''

			(b) ''every'', ''some''

			(c) ''many''</div>
			</div>



			'''Task 2''' Identify the formula that corresponds to the translation of the sentence.

			<quiz display=simple>

			{''Some Montague who was at the party fell in love with Juliet.''
			\|type="()"}
			- ∃''x'' ('''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') : ('''at-party<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') &and; '''fall-in-love-with<sub>2</sub>'''(''x'','''juliet''')))
			\|\| In restricted quantifier notation, the "complete" semantic representation of the noun phrase (NP) appears in the restrictor (-> square brackets).
			+ ∃''x'' (('''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') &and; '''at-party<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'')) : '''fall-in-love-with<sub>2</sub>'''(''x'','''juliet'''))
			- ∃''x'' ('''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') : ('''at-party<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') &and; '''fall-in-love-with<sub>2</sub>'''(''x'','''juliet'''))
			\|\| In restricted quantifier notation, the semantic representation of the noun phrase (NP) appears in the restrictor.
			- ∃''x'' (('''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''x'') &and; '''fall-in-love-with<sub>2</sub>'''(''x'','''juliet''')) : '''at-party<sub>1</sub>'''(''x''))
			\|\| In restricted quantifier notation, the semantic representation of the noun phrase (NP) appears in the restrictor, that of the VP in the scope.

			</quiz>

			'''Task 3''' The sentence: ''Some Tybalt loved some Montague.'' is translated into the formula<br>∃ y ('''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''y'') : '''love<sub>2</sub>'''('''tybalt''',''y'').

			<quiz display=simple>
			{Mark all the cells in the table that stand for a true statement.
			\|type="[]"}
			\| '''montague<sub>1</sub>'''(''y'') <span style="color:white">zwisch</span>\| '''love<sub>2</sub>'''('''tybalt''',''y'')<span style="color:white">zwisch</span>
			+- ''Romeo''
			+- ''Mercutio''
			-- ''Juliet''
			-- ''Tybalt''
			-- ''Laurence''
			-- ''Paris''
			</quiz>

			Given this table, is the overall formula true or false? (Give a reason for your answer.)
			<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
			Check your solutions here:
			<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
			The formula is false, because there is no individual in our model for which both the restrictor and the scope are true.
			</div>
			</div>



	= Meeting 6 (28.5.2025) =		= Meeting 6 (28.5.2025) =

Manfred: /* Meeting 6 */

2025-05-28T00:58:48Z

Meeting 6

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:58, 28 May 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.

	= Meeting 6 =		= Meeting 6 (28.5.2025) =
	== Formulae with two connectives ==		== Formulae with two connectives ==

Manfred: /* General course description */

2025-05-28T00:58:11Z

General course description

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:58, 28 May 2025
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	Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.		Semantics is the study of the (literal) meaning of words and sentences. The meaning of a sentence is usually predictable from the words in the sentence and its syntactic structure. Yet, this relationship between form and meaning is not a simple one-to-one mapping. Instead, it is rich in ambiguities, pleonastic marking and elements without any identifiable meaning contribution. We will work on an account that is founded on classical tools of semantic research but still directly addresses these empirical challenges. After the class, the participants will be able to identify - and partly analyze - interesting semantic phenomena in naturally occurring texts. They will have acquired a basic working knowledge in formal logic, which they will be able to apply in the description of meaning.

			= Meeting 6 =
			== Formulae with two connectives ==

			The next video shows how the truth value of a more complex formula can be computed. The example contains two connectives:

			'''kill(malcom,lady-macbeth) &or; ¬thane(macbeth)'''

			The video shows two different methods: top down and bottom up.

			<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/C1rjU104R54</embedvideo>

	= Meeting 5 (21.5.2025) =		= Meeting 5 (21.5.2025) =

Manfred: /* Logical or */

2025-05-21T14:59:36Z

Logical or

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 21 May 2025
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	<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">https://youtu.be/t2-RwzjXSuc?si=nVqvGqcvgqTGQu_3</embedvideo>		<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">https://youtu.be/t2-RwzjXSuc?si=nVqvGqcvgqTGQu_3</embedvideo>

	(The video is from the youtube playlist ''VentriLinguist: Sprachwissenschaft mit ~~Bauchgefuhl~~'')		(The video is from the youtube playlist [https://tinyurl.com/ventrilinguist ''VentriLinguist: Sprachwissenschaft mit Bauchgefühl''])

	== Computing the truth value of complex formulae ==		== Computing the truth value of complex formulae ==