Exercise-ch5: Difference between revisions
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== Functional notation == | == Functional notation == | ||
We have introduced the functional notation and the eventuality variable in chapter 5. What are the new formulae that correspond to the formulae from chapter 2? | |||
<quiz display=simple> | |||
{Notation from chapter 2: '''hobbit'''('''frodo''')<br /> | {Notation from chapter 2: '''hobbit'''('''frodo''')<br /> | ||
New notation:} | New notation: | ||
|type="[]"} | |||
- '''frodo'''•'''hobbit''' | - '''frodo'''•'''hobbit''' | ||
|| The functor ('''hobbit''') must precede the argument ('''frodo'''). | || The functor ('''hobbit''') must precede the argument ('''frodo'''). | ||
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{Notation from chapter 2: '''walk'''('''frodo''')<br /> | {Notation from chapter 2: '''walk'''('''frodo''')<br /> | ||
New notation:} | New notation: | ||
|type="[]"} | |||
- '''walk'''•'''frodo''' | - '''walk'''•'''frodo''' | ||
|| We introduced an eventuality variable for verbs. Typically written as ''e'' or ''s''. | || We introduced an eventuality variable for verbs. Typically written as ''e'' or ''s''. | ||
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{Notation from chapter 2: '''help'''('''aragorn''','''frodo''')<br /> | {Notation from chapter 2: '''help'''('''aragorn''','''frodo''')<br /> | ||
New notation:} | New notation: | ||
|type="[]"} | |||
+ (('''help'''•''e'')•'''frodo''')•'''aragorn''' | + (('''help'''•''e'')•'''frodo''')•'''aragorn''' | ||
- (('''help'''•''e'')•'''aragorn''')•'''frodo''' | - (('''help'''•''e'')•'''aragorn''')•'''frodo''' | ||
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</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
== Semantic types == | == Semantic types == | ||
<quiz display= | <quiz display=simple> | ||
{Add the semantic types in the blanks. Use simple letters ("e" or "t") for simple types. Use round brackets for complex types (for example: "(e,t)").} | {Add the semantic types in the blanks. Use simple letters ("e" or "t") for simple types. Use round brackets for complex types (for example: "(e,t)").} | ||
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</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
== Sorts and sortal restrictions == | |||
<quiz display=simple> | |||
{Indicate the semantic sort of the underlined noun phrase. | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
| eventuality | object | kind | group | |||
---+ <u>The committee</u> gathered around the meeting room. | |||
-+-- The committee gathered in the <u>the meeting room</u>. | |||
--+- They discussed who it might be possible to save <u>the panda</u> from extinction. | |||
+--- Where will <u>their next meeting</u> take place? | |||
</quiz> | |||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
== Basic combinatorics: Canonical examples == | |||
<quiz display=simple> | |||
{Sentence: ''Pat snored.''<br />Logical form: ('''snore''' • ''e'') • '''pat'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦|'''pat''' ¦ | '''snore''' ¦| '''snore''' • ''e'' ¦| ('''snore''' • ''e'') • '''pat''' | |||
-+--- ''Pat'' | |||
+-+++ ''snored'' | |||
{Sentence: ''Pat likes Chris.''<br />Logical form: (('''like''' • ''e'') • '''chris''') • '''pat'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦|'''pat''' ¦| '''chris''' ¦| '''like''' ¦| '''like''' • ''e'' ¦| ('''like''' • ''e'') • '''chris''' ¦| (('''like''' • ''e'') • '''chris''') • '''pat''' | |||
-+----- ''Pat'' | |||
+--++++ ''likes'' | |||
--+---- ''Chris'' | |||
</quiz> | |||
== Basic combinatorics: Examples with semantically "empty" elements == | |||
=== Copula and argument-marking preposition === | |||
<quiz display=simple> | |||
{Sentence: ''Alex is happy.''<br />Logical form: (('''happy''' • ''e'') • '''alex''')<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ |'''alex''' ¦ |'''happy''' ¦ | '''happy''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''happy''' • ''e'') • '''alex''' | |||
-+--- ''Alex'' | |||
+-+-- ''is'' | |||
+-+++ ''happy'' | |||
|| The copula ''be'' is a CONTENT-raiser, i.e., its CONTENT value is identical with that of its complement, here the adjective ''happy''. | |||
|| The PARTS list of ''be'' only contains those elements that are also in the CONTENT (at least while we ignore tense). | |||
{Sentence: ''Alex had been happy.''<br />Logical form (ignoring tense and aspect!): (('''happy''' • ''e'') • '''alex''')<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ |'''alex''' ¦ |'''happy''' ¦ | '''happy''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''happy''' • ''e'') • '''alex''' | |||
-+--- ''Alex'' | |||
+-+-- ''had'' | |||
+-+-- ''been'' | |||
+-+++ ''happy'' | |||
|| The copula ''be'' and the perfect auxiliary ''have'' are CONTENT-raisers. So, ''been'' has the same CONTENT as the adjective ''happy'', | |||
|| and ''has'' has the same CONTENT value as ''been''. | |||
{Sentence: ''Pat waited for Chris''<br />Logical form: (('''wait''' • ''e'') • '''chris''') • '''pat'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ | '''chris''' ¦ | '''pat''' ¦ | '''wait''' ¦ | '''wait''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''wait''' • ''e'') • '''chris''' ¦ | (('''wait''' • ''e'') • '''chris''') • '''pat''' | |||
--+---- ''Pat'' | |||
+--++++ ''waited'' | |||
-+----- ''for'' | |||
-+----- ''Chris'' | |||
|| The preposition ''for'' is used as an argument-marking preposition in this example. As such, it is a CONTENT-raiser, i.e., its CONTENT value is identical with that of its complement, ''Chris'' here. | |||
|| For the proper name ''Chris'' the name constant '''chris''' is both its DR and its MAIN value. Therefore, the preposition only contributes this constant. | |||
{Sentence: ''Kim is proud of Fido''<br />Logical form: (('''proud-of''' • ''e'') • '''fido''') • '''kim'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ | '''kim''' ¦ | '''fido''' ¦ | '''proud-of''' ¦ | '''proud-of''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''proud-of''' • ''e'') • '''fido''' ¦ | (('''proud-of''' • ''e'') • '''fido''') • '''kim''' | |||
-+----- ''Kim'' | |||
+--+--- ''is'' | |||
+--++++ ''proud'' | |||
--+---- ''of'' | |||
--+---- ''Fido'' | |||
|| This example uses two CONTENT raisers, the copula ''be'' and the argument-marking preposition ''of''. | |||
</quiz> | |||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
=== Nominal expletives === | |||
<quiz display=simple> | |||
{Sentence: ''It stormed.''<br />Logical form: '''storm''' • ''s''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''s'' ¦ |'''storm''' ¦ | '''storm''' • ''s'' | |||
+-- ''It'' | |||
+++ ''stormed'' | |||
|| The expletive ''it'' just redundantly contributes the eventuality variable of the weather verb ''rain''. | |||
{Sentence: ''It was snowing.''<br />Logical form: '''snow''' • ''s''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''s'' ¦ |'''snow''' ¦ | '''snow''' • ''s'' | |||
+-- ''It'' | |||
++- ''was'' | |||
+++ ''snowing'' | |||
|| The copula ''was'' is a CONTENT raiser, i.e., its DR and MAIN values are identical with those of its complement, ''snowing''. | |||
|| The copula also syntactically raises the subject requirement of the verb ''snow''. Therefore, an expletive ''it'' must occur as the subject. | |||
|| The expletive ''it'' only contributes an eventuality variable, and does so redundantly. | |||
</quiz> | |||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
=== Other constructions === | |||
<quiz display="simple"> | |||
{Sentence: ''Pat did not call.''<br />Logical form: ¬ (('''call''' • e) • '''pat'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ | '''pat''' ¦ | '''call''' ¦ | '''call''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''call''' • ''e'') • '''pat''' ¦ | ¬ (('''call''' • ''e'') • '''pat''') | |||
-+---- ''Pat'' | |||
+-+--- ''did'' | |||
-----+ ''not'' | |||
+-+++- ''call'' | |||
|| The auxiliary ''did'' is a CONTENT raiser, i.e. its contributes the DR and the MAIN value, which are identical with those of the complement, ''call''. | |||
{Sentence: Alex gave up on Pat.<br />Logical form: (('''give-up''' • ''e'') • '''pat''') • '''alex'''<br /> | |||
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word? | |||
|type="[]"} | |||
|''e'' ¦ | '''alex''' ¦ | '''pat''' ¦ | '''give-up''' ¦ | '''give-up''' • ''e'' ¦ | ('''give-up''' • ''e'') • '''pat''' ¦ | (('''give-up''' • ''e'') • '''pat''') • '''alex''' | |||
-+----- ''Alex'' | |||
+--++++ ''gave'' | |||
+------ ''up'' | |||
--+---- ''on'' | |||
--+---- ''Pat'' | |||
|| The particle ''up'' is treated as a non-nominal expletive, i.e., its semantic contribution is just like that of expletive ''it'', | |||
|| just the discourse referent of the head that selects the particle. | |||
|| The sentence also contains an argument-marking preposition, ''on'', which is a CONTENT-raiser. | |||
</quiz> | |||
{{FeedbackExercises}} | |||
<hr /> | |||
Back to | |||
* the material for [[Textbook-chapters#Chapter_5:_Simplified_LRS|chapter 5]] | |||
* the overview over [[Textbook-chapters|all chapters]]. |
Latest revision as of 22:44, 24 June 2014
Exercises for chapter 5: Simple LRS
Functional notation
We have introduced the functional notation and the eventuality variable in chapter 5. What are the new formulae that correspond to the formulae from chapter 2?
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Semantic types
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Sorts and sortal restrictions
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Basic combinatorics: Canonical examples
Basic combinatorics: Examples with semantically "empty" elements
Copula and argument-marking preposition
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Nominal expletives
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Other constructions
Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.
Back to
- the material for chapter 5
- the overview over all chapters.