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= Ambiguity (Group 1) =
= Ambiguity (Group 1) =
=== Comments by the NMTS team ===
* Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.
* glossary entry for "scope ambiguity"


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
Line 15: Line 20:


=== Short description of the topic ===
=== Short description of the topic ===
Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/>
[[Glossary:Ambiguity#Ambiguity|Ambiguity]] is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.<br/>


It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/>
It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical ambiguity]] is defined as words having multiple meanings. <br/>
Line 25: Line 30:
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/>
rich women and men: [rich women] and men ''or'' rich [women or men] <br/>
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] ''or'' Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.
Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.<br/>
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes. <br/>
''Example'': <br/>
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together ''or'' each of them has an own little lamb.<br/>


A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:  
A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:  
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*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. ''English Linguistics: Essentials''. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. ''An Introduction to Language'' (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler (2010): Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.
*Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler. 2010. Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.


=== Links ===
=== Links ===
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* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Homonym|homonymy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]
* [[Glossary:Scope_Ambiguity|Scope Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]


* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ "ambiguity" in Utrecht Institute of Linguistics, Lexicon of Linguistics ]
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== Our wikipages ==
== Our wikipages ==


*[[Glossary:Ambiguity|Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Antonym|antonym (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:entailment|entailment (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Homograph|homograph (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Lexical_Ambiguity|Lexical Ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ >
* [[Glossary:Polysemy|Polysemy (definition in Basic Glossary)]]<br/ >
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Register|register (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
* [[Glossary:Structural_Ambiguity|structural ambiguity (definition in Basic Glossary)]] <br/ >
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== Our podcasts ==
== Our podcasts ==


<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI </embedvideo>


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyyqkS1aofI Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity]


[[NMTS_Meeting_10]]
== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==


== Our materials for an interactive whiteboard ==
[http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~sailer/nmts-wise1213/AmbiguityPresentation.notebook Notebook presentation]
List all the files that your group created for the interactive whiteboard.


== Our pictures ==
== Our pictures ==
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File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:PA080194.jpg|Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
File:Leo.jpeg|Leo
File:Tree_Ambiguity.jpg|Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2
File:Reading 1.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1
File:Reading 2.png|Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2
  </gallery>
  </gallery>


== Our exercises ==
== Our exercises ==


* Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far).<br />
=== Exercise I ===
 
'''General definition of ambiguity''' <br/>
 
* '''Exercise I: general definition of ambiguity''' <br />


a) What is an ambiguous word?<br />
a) What is an ambiguous word?<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-1|a word with only one meaning]]<br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word, i.e. a sound sequence that has two or more different, but semantically related meanings]] <br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-2|a polysemous word]] <br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word, i.e. a form that has two or more distinct meanings, but is pronounced in the same way]] <br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-a-3|a homophone word]] <br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: provide more information in the solution!</span>
 


b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br />
b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?<br />
Line 105: Line 120:
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-2|lexical ambiguity]]<br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br />
3. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-b-3|structural ambiguity]]<br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: provide more information in the solution!</span>
 


c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br />
c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it.]]<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-1|I bought it without any further inquiry.]]<br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br />
2. [[Group1-Ex1-Solution1-c-2|There is no bank in this town.]]<br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: provide more information in the solution!</span>


d) Can you explain the ambiguity in c) by paraphrasing the sentences?<br />
 
[[Group1-Ex1-d-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br />
d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br />
e) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.<br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br />
[[Group1-Ex1-e-Solution|{{CheckSolution}}]]<br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: you should give more example sentences with other meanings of ''hot''. Take all readings given in your favorite monolingual dictionary. For example: http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hot?q=hot</span>


* '''Exercise II: different types of ambiguity'''<br />
=== Exercise II===
'''Different types of ambiguity''' <br/>


a) Also phrases and whole sentences can have more than more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br />
a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br />
1. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-1|Scope Ambiguity]]<br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br />
2. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-2|Lexical Ambiguity]] <br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br />
3. [[Group1-Ex2-Solution-a-3|Structural Ambiguity]] <br />
<span style="color:red">Comment: good that you link to the definitions here. But the question is not very good, because a sentence can be ambiguous because of a scope ambiguity or a lexical ambiguity, not just because of a scope ambiguity. Please reformulate your question.</span>
 


b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br />
b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.<br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br />
''We need more intelligent administrators''.<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-b-Solutions|Paraphrases]]<br />
<span style="color:red">Comment:
 
1) give a linguistic characterization of the ambiguity. In reading 1 ''more'' is used as the comparative particle, i.e. ''more intelligent'' forms one constituent. In reading 2  ''more'' is used as a determiner, i.e., it combines with the phrase ''intelligent administrators''.
</span>


c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br />
c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-e-Solutions|Example]]<br />


===Exercise III===
'''Trees'''<br />


* '''Exercise III: Trees'''<br />
a) Draw the two different trees of the following phrase.<br />
 
a) Draw the two different trees of the following paraphrase.<br />
''poor women and men''<br />
''poor women and men''<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br />
&rarr; [[Group1-Ex2-c-Solutions|Trees]]<br />

Latest revision as of 17:49, 3 April 2016

Warning:
The material on this page has been created as part of a seminar. It is still heavily under construction and we do not guarantee its correctness. If you have comments on this page or suggestions for improvement, please contact Manfred Sailer.
This note will be removed once the page has been carefully checked and integrated into the main part of this wiki.

(Back to the group overview)

Ambiguity (Group 1)

Comments by the NMTS team

  • Short description: Only mentions lexical and structural ambiguity…. maybe add other types of ambiguity or say why you only talk about these two types.
  • glossary entry for "scope ambiguity"

Overview

Members

Short description of the topic

Ambiguity is an extremely widespread phenomenon on which many puns and jokes are based on.

It can be differentiated between lexical and structural ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity is defined as words having multiple meanings.
Example:
Is life worth living? It depends on the liver.

Structural ambiguity arises when the syntactic structure of a sentence allows more than one meaning.
Example:
rich women and men: [rich women] and men or rich [women or men]
Anna saw tourists with binoculars.: Anna saw [tourists with binoculars] or Anna saw [tourists] with binoculars.

Besides these general terms, within the presentation and exercises more distinct terms are introduced: collective-distributive and scope.
Collective-distributive ambiguity is defined on the level of morphemes. The ambigious parts of speech are the plural morphemes.
Example:
Mary and her sister had a little lamb: Mary and her sister own one little lamb together or each of them has an own little lamb.

A double meaning is created on the lexical or structural level of meaning by:

References and links

References

  • Bieswanger, Markus & Annette Becker. 2006. Introduction to English Linguistics (3rd edition). Tübingen and Basel: A. Francke Verlag.
  • Kortmann, Bernd. 2005. English Linguistics: Essentials. Berlin: Cornelsen Verlag.
  • Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert & Hyams, Nina. 2003. An Introduction to Language (7th edition). Boston: Thomson Heinle.
  • Matthias Bauer, Joachim Knape, Peter Koch, Susanne Winkler. 2010. Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 158, 7-75.

Links

Our e-learning objects

Our wikipages

Our podcasts

Podcast on Lexical Ambiguity

Our materials for an interactive whiteboard

Notebook presentation

Our pictures

  • Anna's cat Carlo

    Anna's cat Carlo

  • Marc M

    Marc M

  • Nicki

    Nicki

  • Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture

    Jellyfishes (Zoo Berlin), Lorena's picture

  • Leo

    Leo

  • Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2

    Poor women and men, Reading 1 & 2

  • Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1

    Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 1

  • Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2

    Peter read the book on the Eiffel Tower, Reading 2

Our exercises

Exercise I

General definition of ambiguity

a) What is an ambiguous word?
1. a word with only one meaning
2. a polysemous word
3. a homophone word


b) What is the technical term for words that have more than one meaning?
1. scope ambiguity
2. lexical ambiguity
3. structural ambiguity


c) Which word is the ambiguous word in the sentence?
1. I bought it without any further inquiry.
2. There is no bank in this town.


d) Think of three sentences in which the word “hot” has different meanings.
Check your solution!

Exercise II

Different types of ambiguity

a) Phrases and sentences as a whole can have more than one meaning. How is this form of ambiguity called?
1. Scope Ambiguity
2. Lexical Ambiguity
3. Structural Ambiguity


b) Which two meanings does the following sentence contain? Paraphrase them.
We need more intelligent administrators.
→ Paraphrases


c) Think of an ambiguous phrase or sentence on your own and explain its ambiguity.
→ Example

Exercise III

Trees

a) Draw the two different trees of the following phrase.
poor women and men
→ Trees

b) Draw the two different trees of the following sentence.
Peter read the book on the Eiffel-Tower.
→ Trees

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