NMTS-Group8: Difference between revisions
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<!-- Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far).--> | <!-- Exercise on types of ambiguities. [[Determine_the_type_of_ambiguity|Link to the exercise]] (only one example so far).--> | ||
===Exercise I (Types)=== | |||
Take a look at the following sentences! Which types does the word in ''italics'' require in each sentence? | Take a look at the following sentences! Which types does the word in ''italics'' require in each sentence? |
Revision as of 14:01, 27 January 2013
Warning:
The material on this page has been created as part of a seminar. It is still heavily under construction and we do not guarantee its correctness. If you have comments on this page or suggestions for improvement, please contact Manfred Sailer.
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(Back to the group overview)
Wikipage of Group 8
Overview
Members
Short description of the topic
Sorts:
In semantics, there are different sorts of entities. You distinguish between entities which represent a single person or object and entities that represent a group of persons/objects. Additionally, you differentiate between concrete and abstract entities. A concrete entity refers to a specific object, e.g. a particular being (which usually has a name); on the other hand, an abstract entity refers to a non-specific object.
Example:
The sentence The dodo is extinct refers to the entire species (of the dodo) and "the dodo" is therefore an abstract entity, i.e. a kind.
On the contrary, the sentence My dodo is extinct (or rather, dead), obviously neglecting the fact that dodos in general do not exist anymore, refers to a specific dodo, which thus is a concrete entity, i.e. an object.
The same goes for events. An event can be either concrete or abstract.
Types:
In logic and semantics a concept of type is often used to distinguish different
kinds of expression (and of semantic value). These types are used as syntactic
categories for the expressions in the semantic representation language. Each type
will correspond to a certain set of possible denotations.
The (minimal) set of basic types is {e, t}:
– e (for entity) is the type of individual terms
– t (for truth value) is the type of formulae
All pairs <ϭ, τ> made up of (basic or complex) types ϭ, τ
are types. <ϭ, τ> is the type of functions which map
arguments of type ϭ to values of type τ.
In short: The set of types is the smallest set T such that
e,tєT, and if ϭ,τ єT, then also <ϭ,τ> єT.
References and links
References
Kearns, K. (2000): Semantics
Lohnstein, H. (2011): Formale Semantik und natürliche Sprache
Links
The English Noun Phrase: an empirical study
UPPSALA UNIVERSITET - Algoritmer för datorlingvistisk semantik I
Zhaohui Luo - Word Meanings in Type-Theoretical Semantics
Our e-learning objects
Our wiki pages
- in the Glossary:
- Glossary:Heteronym: the entry for Heteronymy
- Glossary:Homonym: the entry for Homonymy
- Glossary:Sorts/Types: the entry for Sorts/Types
Our podcasts
Sorts:
<mediaplayer>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EK6tqXdmFwk&feature=youtu.be</mediaplayer>
Our materials for an interactive whiteboard
Presentation on types and sorts
Our pictures
- Boris Profilbild.jpg
BorisL
Our exercises
Exercise I (Types)
Take a look at the following sentences! Which types does the word in italics require in each sentence?
1) Homer sleeps.
2) Homer chokes Bart.
3) Moe sells beer to Homer.
4) Maggie hates Baby Gerald.
For the solutions, mark the following paragraph (which is seemingly empty) with your mouse.
1) <e,t>
2) <e,<e,t>>
3) <e,<e,<e,t>>>
4) <e,<e,t>>