Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Difference between revisions

From Lexical Resource Semantics
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "== Links == * Shakespeare 400: http://www.shakespeare400.org/ * ''The Tempest'': http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/tempest/")
 
 
(72 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
== Links ==
= Assignment sheets =
 
* First assignments sheet:
:: Download the file: [[File:SoSe16-assignment-logic.pdf]]
:: [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Assignment Sheet 1|Example solution]]
 
* Second assignment sheet: [[File:SoSe16-assignment-lrs.pdf]]
 
= Mock exam =
 
Mock exam: [[File:SoSe16-mockexam.pdf]]
 
Follow the link to an [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Mock Exam|online version of the mock exam and example solutions]].
 
= Additional material for week 10 =
 
A syntactic fragment:
 
https://www.english-linguistics.de/syn1/30/
 
The login information can be found on the slides.
 
 
== Basic combinatorics: Canonical examples ==
 
(the following exercises are adapted from the textbook material to [[https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/Exercise-ch5#Basic_combinatorics:_Canonical_examples  Chapter 5]].
 
<quiz display=simple>
 
{Sentence: ''Pat snored.''<br />Logical form: '''snore'''('''pat''')<br />
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word?
|type="[]"}
|'''pat''' &brvbar; | '''snore''' &brvbar;| '''snore'''('''pat''')
+-- ''Pat''
-++ ''snored''
 
 
{Sentence: ''Pat likes Chris.''<br />Logical form: '''like'''('''pat''','''chris''')<br />
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word?
|type="[]"}
|'''pat''' &brvbar;| '''chris''' &brvbar;| '''like''' &brvbar;| '''like'''('''pat''','''chris''')
+--- ''Pat''
--++ ''likes''
-+-- ''Chris''
 
</quiz>
 
== Possible EX-CONT values ==
 
Given the following PARTS lists, what are possible EX-CONT values (if we do not assume other restrictions)
 
1. PARTS < '''pat''', '''alex''','''like''', '''like'''(__,__) >
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answer
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''like'''('''pat''','''alex''')<br>
'''like'''('''alex''','''pat''')
</div></div>
 
 
2. PARTS < '''alex''','''snore''', '''snore'''(__), &not;(__) >
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answer
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
&not;('''snore'''('''alex'''))
</div></div>
 
 
3. PARTS < '''alex''','''alex''','''snore''' >
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answer
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
There is no possible EX-CONT value because the three elements on the PARTS list cannot be combined.
</div></div>
 
 
 
3. PARTS < '''alex''','''alex''','''snore''', '''snore'''(__) >
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answer
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''snore'''('''alex''')
</div></div>
 
4. PARTS < '''alex''','''alex''','''snore''', '''snore'''(__), __ &and; __ >
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answer
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''snore'''('''alex''') &and; '''snore'''('''alex''')
</div></div>
 
= Additional material for week 9 =
 
A syntactic fragment:
 
https://www.english-linguistics.de/syn1/30/
 
The login information can be found on the slides.
 
== Lexical entries as Attribute-Value Matrix ==
The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for [[Exercise-ch3|exercises to chapter 3]].
 
Provide the required information on the lexical properties of the underlined words in the following sentences.<br>
'''Note:'''
* Put a minus ("-") if a slot should not receive any filling
* Use ''det'', ''noun'', ''prep'' or ''verb'' for the HEAD values.
 
<quiz display=simple>
{Alex <u>read</u> a book yesterday.
|type="{}"}
 
PHON { read _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD { verb _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < { NP _8 } ><br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < { - _8} > <br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < { NP _8 } ><br>
 
{Alex talked <u>to</u> a friend.
|type="{}"}
 
PHON { to _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD { prep _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < { - _8 } > <br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < { NP _8 } ><br>
 
 
{Pat liked this new <u>documentary</u> on African wild life.
|type="{}"}
 
PHON { documentary _15 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD { noun _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < { Det _8 } > <br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < { PP _8 } ><br>
 
{<u>Alex</u> talked to a friend.
|type="{}"}
 
PHON { Alex _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD { noun _8 }<br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < { - _8 } ><br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < { - _8 } > <br>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < { - _8 } ><br>
 
 
</quiz>
 
{{FeedbackExercises}}
 
== Analysis of simple sentences ==
 
The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for [[Exercise-ch3|exercises to chapter 3]].
 
<quiz display=simple>
{Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.
|type="{}"}
 
''Alex snored.''
 
syntactic structure: [[File:Tree-AlexSnored.jpeg|300px]]
 
 
Words:{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phrase:
''Alex''{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''snored'' {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S: ''Alex snored.''
HEAD [4]''noun''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [5]''verb''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD { [5] _3 }
SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >
SPR &nbsp; < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } >
COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } >
 
</quiz>
 
 
<quiz display=simple>
{Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.
|type="{}"}
 
''Fido chased a mouse.''
 
syntactic structure: [[File:Tree-FidoChasedAMouse.jpeg|500px]]
 
 
Words:
''Fido''{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''chased'' {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ''a'' {{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''mouse''
HEAD [8]''noun''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [9]''verb''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [10] ''det'' {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [11] ''noun''
SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >
SPR &nbsp; < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { [3] _3 } >
COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { [5] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} COMPS < { - _3 } >
 
 
 
Phrases:{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
NP: ''a mouse''{{TenSpaces}} VP: ''chased a mouse'' {{TenSpaces}} S: ''Fido chased a mouse.''
HEAD  { [11] _4 } {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD { [9] _4 } {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD { [9] _4 } {{TenSpaces}}
SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >
SPR &nbsp; < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } >
COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } >
 
 
</quiz>
 
 
<quiz display=simple>
{Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists. Don't use spaces.
|type="{}"}
 
 
''Pat gave Alex a ride.''
 
syntactic structure: [[File:Tree-PatGaveAlexARide.jpeg|500px]]
 
 
Words:
''Pat''{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''gave'' {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ''Alex'' {{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}} ''a'' {{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ''ride''
HEAD [9]''noun''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [10]''verb''{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD [11] ''noun'' {{TenSpaces}} HEAD [12] ''det'' {{TenSpaces}} HEAD [13] ''noun''
SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >  {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >
SPR &nbsp; < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { [4] _3 } >
COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { [3],[6] _8 } > &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} COMPS < { - _3 } > &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; COMPS < { - _3 } >
 
 
 
Phrases:{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}{{TenSpaces}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
NP: ''a ride''{{TenSpaces}} VP: ''gave Alex a ride'' {{TenSpaces}} S: ''Pat gave Alex a ride.''
HEAD  { [13] _4 } {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD { [10] _4 } {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HEAD { [10] _4 } {{TenSpaces}}
SUBJ < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { [1] _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SUBJ < { - _3 } >
SPR &nbsp; < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp; SPR < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  SPR < { - _3 } >
COMPS < { - _3 } >{{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } > {{TenSpaces}}COMPS < { - _3 } >
 
 
</quiz>
 
{{FeedbackExercises}}
 
= Additional material for week 8 =
 
Additional material for week 8 can be found [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Week 8|here]].
 
= Additional material for weeks 6 and 7=
 
Additional material for weeks 6 and 7 can be found [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Weeks 6 and 7|here]].
 
= Additional material for week 5=
 
Additional material for week 5 can be found [[Semantics 1 (Sailer): Week 5|here]].
 
= Additional material for week 4=
 
The material can be found on the page [[Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Week 4]]
 
<!--
== Formulae with connectives ==
 
=== Definitions ===
 
Read the section of truth tables from the [[Wiki-ch2#Truth_tables|textbook material on connectives]].
 
=== Computing the truth value of a complex formula ===
 
'''Note:''' This is copied from the [[Wiki-ch2#Formulae_with_connectives|textbook material on connectives]].
 
The following video presents the step-by-step computation of the truth value of two formulae with connectives.
The example uses a model based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''.
The two formulae are:
* '''&not; king(lady-macbeth)'''
* '''king(duncan) &or; king(lady-macbeth)'''
 
<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/ABXPMzHFYxU</embedvideo>
 
The next video shows how the truth value of a more complex formula can be computed. The example contains two connectives:
 
'''kill(malcom,lady-macbeth) &or; &not;thane(macbeth)'''
 
The video shows two different methods: top down and bottom up.
 
<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/C1rjU104R54</embedvideo>
 
== For next week (May 2) ==
 
* Read Levine et al (in prep.), Chapter 2, section 2 (especially 2.2.1 and 2.2.2)
* Using your model from last week,
** Give 2 atomic formulae.
** Give 1 statement with a conjunction ("and")
** Provide the step-by-step computation of the truth of your 3 statements.
 
-->
 
= Additional material for week 3=
 
The material for week 3 can be accessed [[Semantics_1,_SoSe_2016_(Sailer): Week 3|here]]
 
 
<!--
== Links to our literary scenario ==


* Shakespeare 400: http://www.shakespeare400.org/
* Shakespeare 400: http://www.shakespeare400.org/
* ''The Tempest'': http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/tempest/
* ''The Tempest'': http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/tempest/
== Why it is too difficult to go directly from language to the world ==
The following architecture is extremely useful when talking about semantics:
# A natural language expressions: ''Miranda loves Ferdinand.''
# ... is mapped to some expression from a formal language (here: predicate logic): '''love2'''('''miranda''','''ferdinand''')
# This logical expression is then interpreted with respect to our scenario/world: The formula '''love2'''('''miranda''','''ferdinand''') is true, because, in our scenario, Miranda loves Ferdinand.
The following properties of natural language make it useful to use the intermediate step of a logical language:
# The same expression can have different meanings (ambiguity).
# Different expressions can have the same meaning (synonyms, paraphrases)
Find examples for the above-mentioned properties (ambiguity, synonymy, paraphrases).
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:800px">
Check your answers
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
1. one form, two meaingns: Ambiguity: (see earlier in this meeting and the slides of last week's meeting)
1.a Ambiguous words: ''date'' (fruit or point in time); ''bank'' (financial institute or bank of a river)
1.b. Ambiguous sentences: ''Sycorax and Prospero were stranded on the island with their children.''
2. two forms, one meaning:
2.a Synonymous words: ''couch'' - ''sofa''; ''instant'' - ''moment''
2.b Paraphrases:
* active-passive pairs: ''Prospero set Ariel free.'' - ''Ariel was set free by Prospero.''
* cleft sentences: ''Prospero set Ariel free.'' - ''It was Prospero who set Ariel free.''
* different ways to express a possessor: ''Sycorax was the first inhabitant of the island.'' and ''Sycorax was the island's first inhabitant.''
</div>
</div>
== Towards a formal model ==
=== First steps ===
{{CreatedByStudents1213}} Involved participants: [[User:Lisa| Lisa]], [[User:Marthe| Marthe]], [[User:Elisabeth.krall| Elisabeth]], [[User:IsaB|Isabelle]].
You can think of building a formal model like being the producer of a film who has to collect everything that should be included in the film.
Here is a very simple story from which we can derive an example model.
<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/4a3mXelw7H4</embedvideo>
<quiz display="simple">
{Mark those elements that we need in a model.
|type="[]"}
+ relations
|| Yes. We use relations to express what is true between various individuals. For example the relation ''grandmother-of''.
+ individuals
||Yes. In the video, we have three individuals, ''Red Riding Hood'', ''Grandmother'', and ''Wolf''.
- nouns
|| nouns are a syntactic category and as such part of the language, not of the "world".
+ properties
||Yes. The video mentions some properties such as having a red hood.
- relatives
|| (this is a nonsense alternative)
</quiz>
<quiz display="simple">
{What is the status of the following entities in the video on Little Red Riding Hood?
|type="[]"}
|individual|property|relation
+-- ''Red Riding Hood''
-+- ''lives in the forest''
+-- ''Grandmother''
--+ ''is afternoon snack for''
-+- ''has a red hood''
-+- ''has a big mouth''
--+ ''is grandmother of''
</quiz>
== The universe and name symbols ==
'''Task:''' Assume '''three''' individuals from our ''Game of Thrones''-scenario.
Formally we collect the individuals of our model in a so-called ''universe'' (''U''). For the fairy-tale story, we can define the universe as follows:
''U'' = {''Redridinghood'', ''Grandmother'', ''Wolf''}
Do a similar definition for your own scenario.
We can introduce ''name symbols'' for some of our individuals. For example: '''redridinghood''', '''grandmother''', '''wolf'''.
We link the name symbols to the individuals in our modal. To do this, we introduce the '''interpretation function'''. We will written the interpretation function as as ''I''.<br />This function can be defined in the following way:
''I''('''grandmother''') = '''Grandmother'''<br />''I''('''redridinghood''') = ''Red Riding Hood''<br />''I''('''wolf''') = ''Wolf''<br />
=== Relations and predicate symbols ===
In the fairy-tale scenario we express a relation between Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf, namely that Little Red Riding Hood is the Wolf's afternoon snack. To formalize this, we collect all '''pairs''' of individuals which are such that the first element in the pair is the afternoon snack of the second. '''Note:''' A ''pair'' is written in between pointy brackets.
Formally we can write this down as follows:<br />
{< ''x'', ''y'' > | ''x'' is ''y'' 's afternoon snack} = { < ''Redridinghood'', ''Wolf'' >, < ''Grandmother'', ''Redriding hood'' >.}
We can also assume empty relations:
{< ''x'', ''y'' > | ''x'' is ''y'' 's father } = { }
Note, if a relation works both ways, two pairs must be added:
{< ''x'', ''y'' > | ''x'' talks with ''y''} = { <''Redridinghood'', ''Wolf'' >, < ''Wolf'', ''Redridinghood'' >}
Just like with names, we want to have symbols that we can use in the logical language. For our example, let's take the predicate symbols '''afternoon-snack-of_2''' and '''father-of_2''', and '''talks-with_2'''. (The number 2 indicates that the interpretation consists of pairs, not just of single individual) There interpretation is defined as follows:<br>
''I''('''afternoon-snack-of_2''') = { < ''x'', ''y'' > | ''x'' is ''y'' 's afternoon snack } = {  <''Redridinghood'', ''Wolf'' >, <''Grandmother'', ''Wolf'' > }.
'''Task:''' For each of your properties, invent an appropriate ''predicate symbol''. Define its interpretation.
== Properties and predicate symbols ==
A property is a specification that either holds of an individual or not. In the little story, having a big mouth is a property of the Wolf, but of noone else in the story. Being female holds of both Little Red Riding Hood and the Grandmother.
We can think of a property as the set of individuals that have this property. Under this view, the property of being female would be the set {''Redridinghood'', ''Grandmother''}.
Alternatively it is convenient to think of properties as '''1-place relations'''. Under this view, the property of being female would be a set of lists of length 1. This is what the property of being female then looks like:  { <''Redridinghood''>, <''Grandmother''> }
'''Task:''' Using your ''Game of Thrones'' universe, define ''two'' properties in the format of 1-place relations.
Just like before, we want to have symbols that we can use in the logical language. For our example, let's take the predicate symbols '''female_1''' and '''has-big-mouth_1'''. There interpretation is defined as follows:<br>
''I''('''female_1''') = { < ''x'' > | ''x'' is female } = {  <''Redridinghood''>, <''Grandmother''> }.
'''Task:''' For each of your properties, invent an appropriate ''predicate symbol''. Define its interpretation.
== Computing the truth value of atomic formulae ==
The following video presents the step-by-step computation of the truth value of two atomic formulae.
The example uses a model based on Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''.
The two formulae are:
* '''kill(macbeth,duncan)'''
* '''kill(lady-macbeth,macbet)'''
<embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400">http://youtu.be/8HGCB9urmbg</embedvideo>
== For next week ==
* Work through this wiki page.
* Read Levine et al. (in prep.), Chapter 2, Section 1 [available on olat].
* Define a model and introduce the necessary name symbols and predicate symbols for our scenario with
** three individuals
** two relations
** two properties
* Use your model and your symbols and write down
** one formula that is true in your model and
** two formulae that are false in your mode.
-->

Latest revision as of 22:24, 4 July 2016

Assignment sheets

  • First assignments sheet:
Download the file: File:SoSe16-assignment-logic.pdf
Example solution

Mock exam

Mock exam: File:SoSe16-mockexam.pdf

Follow the link to an online version of the mock exam and example solutions.

Additional material for week 10

A syntactic fragment:

https://www.english-linguistics.de/syn1/30/

The login information can be found on the slides.


Basic combinatorics: Canonical examples

(the following exercises are adapted from the textbook material to [Chapter 5].

1 Sentence: Pat snored.
Logical form: snore(pat)
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word?

pat ¦ snore ¦ snore(pat)
Pat
snored

2 Sentence: Pat likes Chris.
Logical form: like(pat,chris)
Which parts of the logical form are contributed by which word?

pat ¦ chris ¦ like ¦ like(pat,chris)
Pat
likes
Chris


Possible EX-CONT values

Given the following PARTS lists, what are possible EX-CONT values (if we do not assume other restrictions)

1. PARTS < pat, alex,like, like(__,__) >

Check your answer

like(pat,alex)
like(alex,pat)


2. PARTS < alex,snore, snore(__), ¬(__) >

Check your answer

¬(snore(alex))


3. PARTS < alex,alex,snore >

Check your answer

There is no possible EX-CONT value because the three elements on the PARTS list cannot be combined.


3. PARTS < alex,alex,snore, snore(__) >

Check your answer

snore(alex)

4. PARTS < alex,alex,snore, snore(__), __ ∧ __ >

Check your answer

snore(alex) ∧ snore(alex)

Additional material for week 9

A syntactic fragment:

https://www.english-linguistics.de/syn1/30/

The login information can be found on the slides.

Lexical entries as Attribute-Value Matrix

The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for exercises to chapter 3.

Provide the required information on the lexical properties of the underlined words in the following sentences.
Note:

  • Put a minus ("-") if a slot should not receive any filling
  • Use det, noun, prep or verb for the HEAD values.

1 Alex read a book yesterday.

PHON


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS <

>

2 Alex talked to a friend.

PHON


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS <

>

3 Pat liked this new documentary on African wild life.

PHON


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS <

>

4 Alex talked to a friend.

PHON


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD


SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR <

>
SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS <

>


Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Analysis of simple sentences

The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for exercises to chapter 3.

Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.

Alex snored.
syntactic structure: Tree-AlexSnored.jpeg
Words:                                                                                                   Phrase:
Alex                                                             snored                                    S: Alex snored.
HEAD [4]noun                                  HEAD [5]verb                                    HEAD

SUBJ <

>                                  SUBJ <

>                                    SUBJ <

>
SPR   <

>                                  SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>
COMPS <

>                              COMPS <

>                               COMPS <

>


Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.

Fido chased a mouse.
syntactic structure: Tree-FidoChasedAMouse.jpeg
Words:
Fido                                                             chased                                    a                                                              mouse
HEAD [8]noun                                  HEAD [9]verb                                    HEAD [10] det                                   HEAD [11] noun
SUBJ <

>                                  SUBJ <

>                                    SUBJ <

>                                   SUBJ <

>
SPR   <

>                                  SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>
COMPS <

>                              COMPS <

>                               COMPS <

>                                COMPS <

>
Phrases:                                                                                                  
NP: a mouse                               VP: chased a mouse                                S: Fido chased a mouse.
HEAD

                                     HEAD

                                       HEAD

                              
SUBJ <

>                                  SUBJ <

>                                    SUBJ <

>
SPR   <

>                                  SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>
COMPS <

>                              COMPS <

>                               COMPS <

>


Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists. Don't use spaces.

Pat gave Alex a ride.
syntactic structure: Tree-PatGaveAlexARide.jpeg
Words:
Pat                                                             gave                                         Alex                                                              a                                      ride
HEAD [9]noun                                  HEAD [10]verb                                   HEAD [11] noun                                HEAD [12] det                                HEAD [13] noun
SUBJ <

>                                  SUBJ <

>                                    SUBJ <

>                                   SUBJ <

>                                 SUBJ <

>
SPR   <

>                                  SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>                                   SPR <

>
COMPS <

>                              COMPS <

>                        COMPS <

>                                COMPS <

>                            COMPS <

>
Phrases:                                                                                                  
NP: a ride                               VP: gave Alex a ride                                S: Pat gave Alex a ride.
HEAD

                                     HEAD

                                       HEAD

                              
SUBJ <

>                                  SUBJ <

>                                    SUBJ <

>
SPR   <

>                                  SPR <

>                                     SPR <

>
COMPS <

>                              COMPS <

>                               COMPS <

>


Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Additional material for week 8

Additional material for week 8 can be found here.

Additional material for weeks 6 and 7

Additional material for weeks 6 and 7 can be found here.

Additional material for week 5

Additional material for week 5 can be found here.

Additional material for week 4

The material can be found on the page Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Week 4


Additional material for week 3

The material for week 3 can be accessed here


Retrieved from "https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php?title=Semantics_1,_SoSe_2016_(Sailer)&oldid=6870"