Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer)

Additional material for week 9

A syntactic fragment:

https://www.english-linguistics.de/syn1/30/

The login information can be found on the slides.

Lexical entries as Attribute-Value Matrix

The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for exercises to chapter 3.

Provide the required information on the lexical properties of the underlined words in the following sentences.
Note:

• Put a minus ("-") if a slot should not receive any filling
• Use det, noun, prep or verb for the HEAD values.

1 Alex read a book yesterday.

PHON

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < >

2 Alex talked to a friend.

PHON

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < >

3 Pat liked this new documentary on African wild life.

PHON

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < >

4 Alex talked to a friend.

PHON

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | HEAD

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SUBJ < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | SPR < >

SYNSEM | LOCAL | CAT | VAL | COMPS < >

Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Analysis of simple sentences

The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for exercises to chapter 3.

Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.

Alex snored.

syntactic structure:

Words:                                                                                                   Phrase:

Alex                                                             snored                                    S: Alex snored.

HEAD [4]noun                                  HEAD [5]verb                                    HEAD

SUBJ < >                                  SUBJ < >                                    SUBJ < >

SPR   < >                                  SPR < >                                     SPR < >

COMPS < >                              COMPS < >                               COMPS < >

Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists.

Fido chased a mouse.

syntactic structure:

Words:

Fido                                                             chased                                    a                                                              mouse

HEAD [8]noun                                  HEAD [9]verb                                    HEAD [10] det                                   HEAD [11] noun

SUBJ < >                                  SUBJ < >                                    SUBJ < >                                   SUBJ < >

SPR   < >                                  SPR < >                                     SPR < >                                     SPR < >

COMPS < >                              COMPS < >                               COMPS < >                                COMPS < >

Phrases:

NP: a mouse                               VP: chased a mouse                                S: Fido chased a mouse.

HEAD                                      HEAD                                        HEAD

SUBJ < >                                  SUBJ < >                                    SUBJ < >

SPR   < >                                  SPR < >                                     SPR < >

COMPS < >                              COMPS < >                               COMPS < >

Indicate the missing values of the VAL and the HEAD features using tags ([1], ...) or "-" for empty lists. Don't use spaces.

Pat gave Alex a ride.

syntactic structure:

Words:

Pat                                                             gave                                         Alex                                                              a                                      ride

HEAD [9]noun                                  HEAD [10]verb                                   HEAD [11] noun                                HEAD [12] det                                HEAD [13] noun

SUBJ < >                                  SUBJ < >                                    SUBJ < >                                   SUBJ < >                                 SUBJ < >

SPR   < >                                  SPR < >                                     SPR < >                                     SPR < >                                   SPR < >

COMPS < >                              COMPS < >                        COMPS < >                                COMPS < >                            COMPS < >

Phrases:

NP: a ride                               VP: gave Alex a ride                                S: Pat gave Alex a ride.

HEAD                                      HEAD                                        HEAD

SUBJ < >                                  SUBJ < >                                    SUBJ < >

SPR   < >                                  SPR < >                                     SPR < >

COMPS < >                              COMPS < >                               COMPS < >

Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Additional material for week 8

Basic syntactic notions

The following exercises are copied from the wiki page for exercises to chapter 3.

Determine the part of speech of the words in the sentences.
Use the following part of speech labels: A, Adv, Det, N, P, V

a. Alex/ talked/ to/ my/ best/ friend/ .

b. You/ might/ suspect/ that/Comp Pat/ is/ a/ genius/ .

c. The/ title/ of/ a/ book/ largely/ determines/ whether/Comp it/ will/ be/ successful/ or/ a/ flop/ .

Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Determine the syntactic categories of the following groups of words in the sentences.
Use the following labels: AdvP, AP, NP, PP, S, VP.
Example: [S: Pat [VP: will [VP: wait [PP: for Alex]]]]

a. [ Alex [ talked [ to [ my best friend]]]]

b. [ [ The president] [ announced [CP: that [ there [ will [ be [ no further taxes]]]]]]].

Feel free to send feedback on this exercise to Manfred Sailer.

Six steps in a syntactic analysis

There is an old video on the 6 steps in syntactic analysis. The final analysis of the example sentence looks slightly different from what we assume in our class.

The tree we would draw in this class looks like this:

What are the differences?

Additional material for weeks 6 and 7

Quantifiers

Video introducing determiners into our logical language. (The video is based on the scenario of Romeo and Juliett.)

(copied from Wiki-ch2#Logical_determiners.2Fquantifiers)

Exercises

After having watched the video, work on the following tasks.

Task 1 Identify the determiners in the following sentence.

(a) Juliet talked to some stranger at the party.

(b) Every Capulet is an enemy to some Montague.

(c) Many people in Verona are not happy about the Capulet-Montague feud.

Check your solutions here:

(a) some

(b) every, some

(c) many

Task 2 Identify the formula that corresponds to the translation of the sentence.

Some Montague who was at the party fell in love with Juliet.

	∃x (montague1(x) : (at-party1(x) ∧ fall-in-love-with2(x,juliet)))
	∃x ((montague1(x) ∧ at-party1(x)) : fall-in-love-with2(x,juliet))
	∃x (montague1(x) : (at-party1(x) ∧ fall-in-love-with2(x,juliet))
	∃x ((montague1(x) ∧ fall-in-love-with2(x,juliet)) : at-party1(x))

Task 3 The sentence: Some Tybalt loved some Montague. is translated into the formula
∃ y (montague₁(y) : love₂(tybalt,y).

Mark all the cells in the table that stand for a true statement.

montague1(y) zwisch	love2(tybalt,y)zwisch
		Romeo
		Mercutio
		Juliet
		Tybalt
		Laurence
		Paris

Given this table, is the overall formula true or false? (Give a reason for your answer.)

Check your solutions here:

The formula is false, because there is no individual in our model for which both the restrictor and the scope are true.

Task 4 Variable assignment function
Start with the following variable assigment function g: g(u) = Romeo, g(v) = Juliet, g(w) = Romeo, g(x) = Laurence, g(y) = Mercutio, g(z) = Juliet

Provide the changed variable assignment function g[v/Paris].

Check your solutions here:

g[v/Paris](u) = g(u) = Romeo
g[v/Paris](v) = Paris
g[v/Paris](w) = g(w) = Romeo
g[v/Paris](x) = g(x) = Laurence
g[v/Paris](y) = g(y) = Mercutio
g[v/Paris](z) = g(z) = Juliet

Additional material for week 5

Additional material for week 5 can be found here.

Additional material for week 4

The material can be found on the page Semantics 1, SoSe 2016 (Sailer): Week 4

Additional material for week 3

The material for week 3 can be accessed here