SoSe22: Constraint-based Semantics 2

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Principles assumed in the course

For a list of ``official LRS principles´´see the appendix of the textbook: https://www.lexical-resource-semantics.de/wiki/index.php/Appendix_LRS_Principles

LRS Projection Principle


(final version going back to Penn and Richter (2004)):

In every headed phrase,

  1. The EXTERNAL-CONTENT value of the mother and the head daughter are identical.
  2. The INTERNAL-CONTENT value of the mother and the head daughter are identical.
  3. The PARTS list of a phrase is the concatenation of the PARTS lists of its daughters.


Semantics Principle

In every headed phrase,

  1. If the nonhead is a determiner with an INCONT of the form Qx(φ:ψ), then the INCONT of the head is a component of φ and the head and the nonhead have identical EXCONT values.
  2. For each nonhead that is a quantified NP with an EXCONT value of the form Qx(φ:ψ), the INCONT of the head is a component of ψ.

External Content Principle

  1. In every phrase, the EXTERNAL-CONTENT value of a non head daughter is an element of its PARTS list.
  2. In every utterance, every subexpression of the EXTERNAL-CONTENT value of the utterance is an element of its PARTS list, and every element of the utterance's PARTS list is a subexpression of its EXTERNAL-CONTENT value.

General principle

In every headed phrase, the EXCONT of the nonhead daughter is an element of its PARTS list.

Meeting 02: Introduction

Note: The meeting takes place asynchronically!

Please watch the video for this meeting:


Definition of a model

The following material is an adapted form of material created by student participants of the project e-Learning Resources for Semantics (e-LRS). Involved participants: Lisa, Marthe, Elisabeth, Isabelle.

Watch a short podcast what first-order models look like.

Based on this podcast, we can define a model as follows:

  • Universe: U = {LittleRedRidingHood, Grandmother, Wolf}
  • Properties:
    red-hood = { < x> | x wears a read hood } = { <LittleRedRidingHood> }
    female = { <x> | x is female } = { <LittleRedRidingHood>, <Grandmother> }
    big-mouth = { <x> | x has a big mouth } = { <Wolf> }
    live-in-forest = { < x> | x lives in the forest } = { <Grandmother>, <Wolf>}
  • Relations:
    grand-child-of = { <x,y> | x is y 's grandchild } = { <LittleRedRidingHood,Grandmother > }
    afternoon-snack-of = { <x,y> | x is y 's afternoon snack } = { <LittleRedRidingHood,Wolf > }


Computation of the truth value of atomic formulae

The following video presents the step-by-step computation of the truth value of two atomic formulae. The example uses a model based on Shakespeare's play Macbeth. The two formulae are:

  • kill(macbeth,duncan)
  • kill(lady-macbeth,macbet)


Computation of the truth value of complex formulae

The following video presents the step-by-step computation of the truth value of two formulae with connectives. The example uses a model based on Shakespeare's play Macbeth. The two formulae are:

  • ¬ king(lady-macbeth)
  • king(duncan) ∨ king(lady-macbeth)

The next video shows how the truth value of a more complex formula can be computed. The example contains two connectives:

kill(malcom,lady-macbeth) ∨ ¬thane(macbeth)

The video shows two different methods: top down and bottom up.

Quantifiers

Video introducing determiners into our logical language. (The video is based on the scenario of Romeo and Juliett.)

Meeting 01

(no meeting)

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